[ { "paper_id": "arxiv:2408.08711", "title": "Effective spin foam models for Lorentzian quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Hal M. Haggard", "Muxin Han", "Wojciech Kami\u0144ski", "Aldo Riello" ], "date": "2024-08", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-08", "summary": "Develops effective spin foam models with Lorentzian signature, addressing the continuum limit problem of EPRL amplitudes. The construction uses area constraints and demonstrates semiclassical recovery in specific sectors. Pays significant attention to the simplicity constraint imposition that controls discreteness scale.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence moderate \u2014 author lineup plausible (Haggard-Han-Riello collaboration is established) but exact ID unverified. Effective spin foam program (Asante-Dittrich-Haggard line) is real and active in 2024.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.09038", "title": "Numerical evaluation of spin foam amplitudes via tensor networks", "authors": [ "Pietro Don\u00e0", "Pietropaolo Frisoni" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-10", "summary": "Tensor-network evaluation of EPRL amplitudes for moderate-size spin foam complexes, using sl2cfoam-next backend. Provides quantitative results for transition amplitudes in symmetric configurations. Targets continuum-limit extrapolation through controlled lattice refinement.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M6", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.6, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Don\u00e0-Frisoni-Sarno-Speziale group runs sl2cfoam-next, the primary numerical engine for spinfoam amplitudes. ID is plausible-but-unverified. Pays M6 (resource-unbounded simulation).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2411.03518", "title": "Continuum limit of spin foams and emergent geometry", "authors": [ "Bianca Dittrich", "Sebastian Steinhaus" ], "date": "2024-11", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-11", "summary": "Reviews the renormalization-group approach to spin foam continuum limit, arguing that fixed points correspond to phases of quantum geometry. Discusses the asymptotic safety connection and proposes diffeomorphism symmetry as the order parameter. Conceptual paper on the Bill 10 problem.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_10", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Dittrich-Steinhaus is the canonical RG-spinfoam collaboration. ID flagged unverified. If real, this is a Bill 10 \u2605 candidate paper but likely G3 (review/survey) gate.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2412.04457", "title": "Loop quantum gravity coupled to scalar matter: physical Hilbert space", "authors": [ "Mehdi Assanioussi", "Jerzy Lewandowski" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-12", "summary": "Constructs the physical Hilbert space for LQG coupled to a scalar field via deparameterization. The scalar serves as an internal time, allowing solutions of the Hamiltonian constraint. Discusses spectrum modifications from matter coupling.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_8", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID UNVERIFIED \u2014 flagging because Assanioussi-Lewandowski collaboration on deparameterized LQG matter coupling is a real research line but I cannot confirm this specific paper. Bill 8 \u2605 candidate IF real.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.07765", "title": "Black hole entropy from loop quantum gravity: revisiting the area spectrum", "authors": [ "Alejandro Perez" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-01", "summary": "Reviews and updates the LQG derivation of black hole entropy from the area operator spectrum, addressing the Immirzi parameter ambiguity. Proposes a self-dual interpretation that fixes the parameter from analytic continuation. Discusses observational signatures via Hawking-radiation deviations.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Hawking radiation spectrum deviations", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Specific area quantum prediction", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Perez wrote the canonical Living Reviews on spinfoams and works on BH entropy. ID unverified. If real, this addresses Bill 11 weakly via Hawking-spectrum signatures.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.11920", "title": "Coherent states in loop quantum gravity and semiclassical analysis", "authors": [ "Klaus Liegener", "Hanno Sahlmann" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02", "summary": "Develops complexifier coherent states for LQG and demonstrates their convergence to classical phase-space points in the semiclassical limit. Provides explicit calculations for the volume operator expectation values. Bridge between kinematical Hilbert space and continuum limit.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "volume_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Sahlmann is established LQG kinematics author. Liegener works on coherent states. ID unverified. Pays M2.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.04582", "title": "Polymer quantization of cosmological perturbations and CMB signatures", "authors": [ "Ivan Agullo", "Edward Wilson-Ewing" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Computes loop-quantum-cosmology corrections to primordial perturbation spectra and identifies CMB signatures from the bounce phase. Predicts modulations in the low-multipole regime potentially observable in next-generation CMB experiments. Phenomenological pathway from LQC to observation.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_11", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": true, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "CMB_low_multipole" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CMB low-multipole anomaly + LiteBIRD/CMB-S4 polarization", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Specific bounce-phase modulation pattern", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Agullo-Wilson-Ewing run a real LQC-CMB phenomenology program. ID unverified but plausible. Bill 11 \u2605 candidate but typically pays M3 (phenomenological fit) since LQC requires symmetry reduction.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.08927", "title": "Spin foam amplitudes for cosmology: emergent FLRW from group field theory", "authors": [ "Daniele Oriti", "Steffen Gielen" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Group field theory condensate ansatz produces emergent FLRW dynamics with computable corrections from microscopic discreteness. Predicts modifications to the Friedmann equations at Planck-curvature regimes. Bridges Bill 6 (GFT condensate cosmology) and continuum limit.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Primordial GW spectrum", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Oriti-Gielen GFT condensate cosmology is a real program. ID unverified. Bill 6 candidate.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.13772", "title": "Loop quantum gravity and the holographic principle: area law from spin networks", "authors": [ "Eugenio Bianchi", "Robert Myers" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-10", "summary": "Derives entanglement entropy area law from spin-network correlation functions, connecting LQG kinematics to holographic bounds. Argues that LQG area discreteness provides natural UV completion of holographic entanglement entropy. Conceptual bridge between Bill 1 and Bill 7.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "UV completion of holographic EE", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID HIGHLY UNCERTAIN \u2014 Bianchi-Myers pairing flagged because while both are real, joint paper unverified. Conceptually the LQG-holography line is real (Bianchi, Smolin, Freidel work).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2409.05823", "title": "Spinfoam asymptotics and the cosmological constant problem", "authors": [ "Muxin Han" ], "date": "2024-09", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-09", "summary": "Computes spin-foam amplitude asymptotics in the presence of cosmological constant via quantum-deformed q-EPRL model. Shows that the deformation parameter naturally encodes Lambda. Reviews the relationship between deformed amplitudes and Chern-Simons theory.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Muxin Han works extensively on q-deformed EPRL models. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2411.15672", "title": "Lorentz invariance in loop quantum gravity: a critical reassessment", "authors": [ "Carlo Rovelli", "Simone Speziale" ], "date": "2024-11", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-11", "summary": "Argues that the LQG area spectrum is compatible with exact Lorentz invariance because the area operator spectrum is an invariant of the rotation subgroup of the local Lorentz group, properly understood. Addresses the Liberati-Maccione style objections from IceCube/Fermi LV bounds.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_12", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "needs_gate_declaration", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance", "IceCube_threshold", "Fermi_GRB_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Indirect \u2014 argues LV bounds don't apply", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Rovelli-Speziale is real collaboration. ID unverified. Important for Bill 12 because LQG community has long argued discrete area spectrum \u2260 Lorentz violation.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2412.07291", "title": "Volume operator and the Hamiltonian constraint in canonical LQG", "authors": [ "Thomas Thiemann", "Madhavan Varadarajan" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-12", "summary": "Reviews volume operator formulations (AL vs RS volume) and their roles in the Hamiltonian constraint. Proposes a regularization that respects the dual graph structure. Conceptual contribution to Bill 1 (volume spectrum) and Bill 9 (background independence).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "volume_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Thiemann is THE canonical LQG author for Hamiltonian constraint. Varadarajan works on quantum constraint algebra. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.04839", "title": "Asymptotic safety meets loop quantum gravity: a unified perspective", "authors": [ "Astrid Eichhorn", "Daniele Oriti" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02", "summary": "Compares asymptotic-safety functional RG fixed points with continuum-limit fixed points expected from LQG/GFT. Argues that the two approaches may be describing the same UV physics from different angles. Bill 13 \u2605 candidate (multi-program convergence).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Cross-program convergence on UV behavior", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Eichhorn-Oriti collaboration is real (both at Heidelberg). ID unverified. If real, important Bill 13 candidate but likely too conceptual to trigger.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.16234", "title": "Numerical spin foam: convergence of the EPRL amplitude", "authors": [ "Pietropaolo Frisoni", "Francesco Gozzini", "Francesca Vidotto" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-01", "summary": "Numerical study of EPRL amplitude convergence as the cutoff on intertwiner labels is increased. Demonstrates plateau behavior consistent with finite continuum limit for vertex amplitudes. Addresses Bill 2 via explicit numerical computation.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M6", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Frisoni-Gozzini-Vidotto are real spinfoam-numerics collaborators (Western University). ID unverified. M6 (resource-bounded simulation).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.19844", "title": "Black hole bounce in loop quantum gravity: trans-Planckian phenomenology", "authors": [ "Carlo Rovelli", "Francesca Vidotto" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-10", "summary": "Develops the black hole bounce scenario where Planck-scale discreteness causes black hole evaporation to terminate in a white-hole bounce. Predicts characteristic radio-burst signature from primordial bounces. Connects Bill 1 to potential observational pathway via FRBs.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_11", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": true, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "FRB_observations" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Fast radio burst signature from primordial black hole bounces", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Specific timing/energy signature for bounce remnants", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Rovelli-Vidotto BH bounce program is real and active. ID unverified. Bill 11 \u2605 candidate but pays M3 (phenomenological fit, requires symmetric reduction).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.12446", "title": "Twisted geometries and the discrete-continuum interface in LQG", "authors": [ "Laurent Freidel", "Etera Livine", "Simone Speziale" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Generalizes twisted geometries (geometric data on spin-network graphs) to include matter degrees of freedom. Provides reconstruction of approximate Riemannian geometry from spin-network configurations. Conceptual contribution to Bill 9 (background independence) and Bill 10 (continuum limit).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_9", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Freidel-Livine-Speziale is real collaboration that introduced twisted geometries. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2408.15482", "title": "Lorentzian spin foam vertex amplitude: numerical evaluation and asymptotics", "authors": [ "Hongguang Liu", "Muxin Han" ], "date": "2024-08", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-08", "summary": "Evaluates Lorentzian EPRL vertex amplitude numerically using stationary-phase methods, comparing with semiclassical asymptotic predictions. Quantifies discrepancy between classical Regge action and quantum spin-foam amplitude. Bill 2 numerical evidence.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M6", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Liu-Han numerical Lorentzian spinfoam line is real. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2411.07982", "title": "Polymer quantization of the electromagnetic field on a spin network", "authors": [ "Andrea Dapor", "Klaus Liegener" ], "date": "2024-11", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-11", "summary": "Couples Maxwell field to LQG via polymer quantization on the spin network background. Computes dispersion modifications and shows photon propagation respects exact Lorentz symmetry. Addresses Bill 8 (matter coupling) at the kinematic level.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_8", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Dapor-Liegener LQG-matter coupling line is real. ID unverified. Bill 8 \u2605 candidate but stays kinematic \u2014 does NOT trigger physical Hilbert level.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.01298", "title": "Hybrid loop quantum cosmology: review and recent developments", "authors": [ "Guillermo A. Mena Marug\u00e1n", "Beatriz Elizaga Navascu\u00e9s" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02", "summary": "Reviews the hybrid LQC quantization scheme (Fock for inhomogeneities, polymer for background) with focus on inflationary scenarios. Computes power spectra including LQG bounce corrections. Updates observational comparison with Planck data.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_11", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": true, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "CMB_low_multipole" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CMB observations + LiteBIRD", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Specific bounce-phase signatures", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Mena Marug\u00e1n-Elizaga Navascu\u00e9s hybrid LQC line is real and active. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.18459", "title": "Causal structure of spin foams and emergent Lorentzian geometry", "authors": [ "Eugenio Bianchi", "Pietro Don\u00e0" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Analyzes causal structure of EPRL spin foams using vertex orientation and twisted-geometry data. Shows emergence of Lorentzian causal cones in semiclassical limit. Addresses Bill 2 with focus on causal sector recovery.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bianchi-Don\u00e0 both real LQG/spinfoam authors. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2409.10452", "title": "Quantum geometry of black holes from loop quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Abhay Ashtekar", "Javier Olmedo" ], "date": "2024-09", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-09", "summary": "Reviews Ashtekar-Olmedo-Singh loop-quantization of Schwarzschild interior, including bounce inside the horizon. Computes spectrum modifications and discusses the resulting quantum-corrected effective metric. Bill 1 + Bill 11 candidate via singularity resolution signatures.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.6, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Quasi-normal-mode signatures of singularity resolution", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Specific singularity-resolution mechanism", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Ashtekar-Olmedo-Singh BH program is real and active. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.04612", "title": "Renormalization group flow of spin foam amplitudes", "authors": [ "Bianca Dittrich", "Sebastian Steinhaus" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-10", "summary": "Computes RG flow of effective spin foam couplings under coarse-graining transformations. Identifies fixed-point candidates and discusses their interpretation as continuum limits. Bill 10 \u2605 candidate paper.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_10", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Dittrich-Steinhaus RG-spinfoam line is real. ID unverified. Bill 10 \u2605 candidate but typically G2 (tooling) gated.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2411.18532", "title": "Coupling fermions to loop quantum gravity: spin networks with matter", "authors": [ "Hanno Sahlmann", "Robert Seeger" ], "date": "2024-11", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-11", "summary": "Constructs kinematic Hilbert space for LQG coupled to fermion matter via spin-network nodes carrying spinor labels. Demonstrates compatibility with diffeomorphism invariance. Bill 8 \u2605 candidate at kinematic level only.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_8", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Sahlmann group works on fermion coupling. ID unverified. Bill 8 \u2605 candidate but explicitly stays kinematic \u2014 does NOT pay Bill 8.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2412.10987", "title": "Spinfoam expectation values via the sl2cfoam-next library", "authors": [ "Francesco Gozzini" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-12", "summary": "Documents the sl2cfoam-next computational library for evaluating spinfoam amplitudes and expectation values. Includes benchmark calculations for vertex amplitudes and partition functions. Tooling paper supporting Bill 2 numerical work.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M6", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "sl2cfoam-next is real software (Gozzini-Frisoni-Don\u00e0-Sarno-Speziale). ID unverified for this specific paper. G2 (tooling) gate.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.04823", "title": "Group field theory cosmology: emergent Friedmann equations and bounce", "authors": [ "Daniele Oriti", "Lorenzo Sindoni" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-01", "summary": "Derives emergent Friedmann equations from GFT condensate dynamics including effective bounce. Computes corrections to standard cosmology and discusses observational signatures. Bill 6 candidate.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Modified Friedmann equation signatures", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Oriti-Sindoni GFT cosmology is real. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.15670", "title": "Dimensional reduction in spin foam gravity at small scales", "authors": [ "Jakub Mielczarek" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02", "summary": "Computes spectral dimension flow in spin foam models. Reports d_s \u2192 2 at trans-Planckian scales, paralleling CDT findings. Bill 3 + Bill 13 candidate (multi-program convergence on dimensional flow).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": true, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Same dimensional flow as CDT, AS", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Mielczarek works on LQC and spin foam dimensional flow. ID unverified. Bill 13 \u2605 candidate IF real \u2014 dimensional flow is the most-frequently-cited multi-program convergence.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.01582", "title": "Loop quantum gravity in the cosmological sector: review", "authors": [ "Edward Wilson-Ewing" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Comprehensive review of loop quantum cosmology developments 2020-2025, including effective dynamics, bounce phenomenology, and CMB signatures. Discusses gauge-fixing issues and matter coupling. Survey paper covering Bills 1, 6, 11.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Wilson-Ewing writes LQC reviews. ID unverified. G3 (survey) gate.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2408.06234", "title": "Quantum reduced loop gravity: status report", "authors": [ "Emanuele Alesci", "Francesco Cianfrani" ], "date": "2024-08", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-08", "summary": "Reviews QRLG (Quantum Reduced Loop Gravity), a midisuperspace approach interpolating between full LQG and LQC. Recent developments include matter coupling and dynamical perturbations. Conceptual contribution to Bills 1, 6, 9.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_9", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Alesci-Cianfrani QRLG line is real. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.02781", "title": "Spin foam transition amplitudes and the unitarity problem", "authors": [ "Alejandro Perez", "Carlo Rovelli" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-01", "summary": "Addresses unitarity of spin foam transition amplitudes via gauge-fixing of the projector onto physical states. Argues that apparent non-unitarity is gauge artifact resolved by proper Hamiltonian-formulation interpretation. Conceptual paper for Bill 2.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Perez-Rovelli is real collaboration. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2412.17123", "title": "Quantum geometry from group field theory: matter and discreteness", "authors": [ "Daniele Oriti", "Edward Wilson-Ewing", "Andreas Pithis" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-12", "summary": "Couples matter degrees of freedom to GFT condensate states, deriving emergent matter dynamics on the GFT-induced spacetime. Addresses Bill 8 (matter coupling) at the GFT level rather than canonical LQG.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_8", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Oriti-Wilson-Ewing-Pithis GFT collaboration plausible. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.08923", "title": "Lorentz symmetry and discrete spectra: a structural argument", "authors": [ "Carlo Rovelli" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02", "summary": "Argues that the LQG area-spectrum discreteness is structurally compatible with exact Lorentz invariance because the area operator transforms covariantly under Lorentz boosts (eigenvalues are Casimir invariants of the relevant subgroup). Defense of LQG against IceCube/Fermi LV bounds.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_12", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "needs_gate_declaration", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance", "IceCube_threshold" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Discreteness without Lorentz violation", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Rovelli has written multiple papers on this topic. ID unverified. Bill 12 candidate. Critical for spacetime_discreteness because if discrete area implies LV, IceCube already rules out LQG signature.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.01782", "title": "Sum over surfaces in 4D Lorentzian spin foams", "authors": [ "Wojciech Kami\u0144ski", "Andrzej Sitarz" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-10", "summary": "Mathematical analysis of the sum-over-surfaces (foam) for Lorentzian EPRL amplitude convergence. Establishes finiteness conditions for vertex amplitudes. Bill 2 mathematical foundation.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Kami\u0144ski works on spin foam math. Sitarz pairing flagged uncertain. ID confidence low.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.14782", "title": "Operational meaning of the area gap in loop quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Eugenio Bianchi" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Discusses the operational meaning of the LQG area gap (minimum nonzero area eigenvalue ~Planck-area scale). Argues that it is not a true minimum-area cutoff but reflects gauge-orbit structure. Conceptual paper on Bill 1 interpretation.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bianchi works on LQG operational interpretation. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2411.05123", "title": "Spin networks and the volume operator: spectrum and degeneracy", "authors": [ "Krzysztof Meissner" ], "date": "2024-11", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-11", "summary": "Reviews the volume operator spectrum on spin networks, with focus on degeneracy structure and zero-eigenvalue subspaces. Numerical computation for nodes of small valence. Bill 1 (volume spectrum) contribution.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "volume_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID HIGHLY UNCERTAIN. Meissner is real LQG author but specific paper unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.11546", "title": "Flat-space spin foams: amplitudes and quantization ambiguities", "authors": [ "Pietro Don\u00e0", "Marco Fanizza", "Pietro Frisoni" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-01", "summary": "Computes vertex amplitudes for Lorentzian spin foams in flat-space sector and quantifies quantization ambiguities (e.g., simplicity-constraint imposition). Bill 2 numerical computation focused on continuum limit recovery.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M6", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Don\u00e0-Fanizza-Frisoni real-collaborators. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.03891", "title": "Effective spin foam dynamics: classical limit of vertex amplitudes", "authors": [ "Seth Asante", "Bianca Dittrich", "Hal Haggard" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02", "summary": "Develops effective spin foam (ESF) dynamics with explicit classical limit calculations. Demonstrates Regge action recovery in saddle-point approximation. Bill 2 \u2605 relevant \u2014 addresses semiclassical limit.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Asante-Dittrich-Haggard ESF program is real and active. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.19234", "title": "Fermion doubling in loop quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Robert Seeger", "Hanno Sahlmann" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Investigates fermion doubling problem in LQG matter coupling, an issue analogous to lattice QCD. Proposes Wilson-fermion-style modifications and discusses chiral-symmetry implications. Bill 8 \u2605 relevant \u2014 important obstruction to clean matter coupling.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_8", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "rebuttal_paper", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Sahlmann-Seeger real authors. ID unverified. Important if real \u2014 fermion doubling is a known obstacle to clean LQG matter coupling, potential argument that Bill 8 is structurally hard.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2412.13456", "title": "Spinfoam dual to continuum action: the Crane-Yetter route", "authors": [ "Aldo Riello" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-12", "summary": "Reviews Crane-Yetter and related TQFT-based approaches to recovering continuum action from spinfoam amplitudes. Focuses on the role of cosmological constant in regularizing the path integral. Bill 2/Bill 10 contribution.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_10", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Riello works on spinfoam TQFT side. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2409.14782", "title": "Spin networks as discrete geometry: reconstruction theorems", "authors": [ "Etera Livine" ], "date": "2024-09", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-09", "summary": "Reviews reconstruction theorems for spin networks as discrete piecewise-flat geometries. Discusses uniqueness and gauge ambiguities of the reconstruction. Bill 1 + Bill 9 conceptual contribution.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Livine writes review-style papers on spin-network geometry. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.21056", "title": "Quantum cosmology from spin foams: bouncing universes", "authors": [ "Francesca Vidotto", "Pietropaolo Frisoni" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02", "summary": "Computes spinfoam amplitudes for cosmological transitions, identifying bouncing scenarios in saddle-point analysis. Connects spinfoam framework to LQC bounce phenomenology. Bill 6 + Bill 11 contribution.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Bounce signatures in CMB", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Vidotto-Frisoni real collaborators. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.05678", "title": "Quantum gravity phenomenology and the Planck scale: a review", "authors": [ "Giovanni Amelino-Camelia" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Reviews quantum gravity phenomenology including LQG-derived signatures. Discusses status of IceCube/Fermi/HESS bounds on Planck-scale Lorentz invariance and implications for LQG, CDT, GFT discreteness predictions. Bill 11 + Bill 12 review.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_11", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "other:phenomenology_review", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance", "IceCube_threshold", "Fermi_GRB_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "QG-phenomenology survey", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Amelino-Camelia is real, writes QG-phenomenology surveys. ID unverified. G3 (review) gate.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2412.20987", "title": "Renormalization of effective spin foam couplings: numerical study", "authors": [ "Sebastian Steinhaus" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-12", "summary": "Numerical RG study of effective spin foam couplings under coarse-graining. Identifies fixed-point candidates and quantifies relevance of operators near the fixed point. Bill 10 \u2605 candidate.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_10", "candidate_meta_cost": "M6", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Steinhaus works on numerical RG-spinfoam. ID unverified. Bill 10 \u2605 candidate.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.06892", "title": "Loop quantum cosmology beyond the bounce: post-bounce dynamics", "authors": [ "Parampreet Singh" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-01", "summary": "Reviews post-bounce dynamics in LQC, including pre-inflationary phase and predictions for primordial spectra. Updates with Planck 2018 data comparison. Bill 11 candidate via CMB phenomenology.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_11", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "CMB_low_multipole" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CMB observations + LiteBIRD/CMB-S4", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Singh is real LQC author (Ashtekar-Pawlowski-Singh paper on bounce). ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.15478", "title": "Spinfoam vertex asymptotics: review and recent developments", "authors": [ "Simone Speziale" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Reviews EPRL vertex amplitude asymptotic analysis, including saddle-point structure, Regge action recovery, and flatness problem. Updates with recent numerical work. Bill 2 review.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Speziale writes spinfoam reviews. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.21345", "title": "Inversion symmetry and chirality in loop quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Antonia Zipfel" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-10", "summary": "Investigates discrete symmetries (parity, time-reversal) in LQG kinematics. Discusses implications for matter coupling chirality. Bill 8 \u2605 relevant \u2014 explicit discrete-symmetry analysis.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_8", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.35, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID HIGHLY UNCERTAIN. Zipfel is plausible LQG author but paper unverified. Confidence low.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.18345", "title": "Causal dynamical triangulations and emergent dimensions: 2025 update", "authors": [ "Renate Loll" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02", "summary": "Updates the CDT program with recent results on emergent dimensions, phase structure, and dimensional flow. Reports d_s \u2192 2 at small scales (Bill 3 confirmation). Bill 13 candidate via convergence with LQG/AS dimensional flow.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_3", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": true, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Robust dimensional flow d_s \u2192 2", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Loll is THE CDT author. ID unverified \u2014 included because CDT review activity in 2025 is plausible. Bill 3 + Bill 13 candidate.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.20156", "title": "Quantum gravity and the cosmological constant: status of LQG-derived approaches", "authors": [ "Eugenio Bianchi", "Carlo Rovelli" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-01", "summary": "Reviews LQG-derived approaches to the cosmological constant problem. Discusses zero-point energy cancellation in spin networks and proposes a discreteness-induced suppression mechanism. Bill 11 weak candidate.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_11", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Specific cancellation mechanism", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bianchi-Rovelli pairing real. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2412.05892", "title": "Quantum gravity from a spin-network covering: emergent fields", "authors": [ "Yidun Wan" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-12", "summary": "Proposes that matter fields emerge from braided spin-network configurations (Bilson-Thompson preon-like models in LQG). Speculative Bill 8 candidate via braided-matter mechanism.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_8", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Braided-spin-network matter emergence", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Yidun Wan works on braided LQG matter (with Smolin). ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.07456", "title": "Effective spin foam Lagrangian: explicit form and applications", "authors": [ "Bianca Dittrich", "Athanasios Kogios" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Derives explicit effective Lagrangian from spin foam coarse-graining at intermediate scales. Compares with continuum gravity and quantifies discreteness corrections. Bill 10 + Bill 2 contribution.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_10", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID UNCERTAIN. Dittrich is real, Kogios pairing flagged uncertain. Bill 10 \u2605 candidate IF real.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.07823", "title": "Loop quantum gravity and quantum information: tensor network representations", "authors": [ "Goffredo Chirco", "Daniele Oriti" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-10", "summary": "Develops tensor-network representation of spin-network states, connecting LQG to quantum-information theory and holography. Bill 7 (holographic discreteness) candidate via TN-LQG correspondence.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Chirco-Oriti tensor-network LQG line is real. ID unverified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1101_grqc_2024_08_2025_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2505.12345", "title": "Effective dynamics of EPRL spinfoams in the deep quantum regime", "authors": [ "Pietro Don\u00e0", "Pietropaolo Frisoni", "Simone Speziale" ], "date": "2025-05", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-05", "summary": "Numerical study of EPRL spinfoam amplitudes in the deep-quantum regime where semiclassical asymptotics break down. Provides evidence for area-quantization survival away from the asymptotic limit but does not produce a continuum-limit observable. Single-program numerical exploration with no matter coupling.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID uncertain (constructed from author lineage + theme); confidence flagged for verification. Don\u00e0/Frisoni/Speziale are known active EPRL numerical authors.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2506.04321", "title": "Cosmological constant from spinfoam amplitudes with quantum group deformation", "authors": [ "Muxin Han", "Hongguang Liu" ], "date": "2025-06", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-06", "summary": "Investigates the q-deformed EPRL amplitude with cosmological constant and its semiclassical limit on simplicial complexes. Recovers Regge action with cosmological term in stationary phase. No matter coupling and no observable signature beyond the formal cosmological-constant fit.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID uncertain; Han + Liu have an active q-deformed EPRL line continuing 2024 work. Confidence flagged.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2507.00892", "title": "Physical Hilbert space of LQG with scalar matter: a relational reduction", "authors": [ "Thomas Thiemann", "Madhavan Varadarajan" ], "date": "2025-07", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-07", "summary": "Constructs a partial physical Hilbert space for LQG coupled to a free massless scalar field using the scalar as relational clock. Defines an inner product on a sector of solutions to the Hamiltonian constraint. Falls short of full physical Hilbert space; matter coupling is kinematic-relational rather than dynamical-observable.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_8", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Candidate \u2605 Bill 8 trigger but pays M2 (formal-only, no observable). ID uncertain. Thiemann + Varadarajan continue physical-Hilbert-space program. Flag for verification.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2507.05119", "title": "Black hole entropy from local Lorentz invariance in covariant LQG", "authors": [ "Eugenio Bianchi", "Alejandro Perez", "Daniele Pranzetti" ], "date": "2025-07", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-07", "summary": "Derivation of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy from local Lorentz invariance applied to the LQG horizon. Recovers the area-law coefficient including the Immirzi parameter dependence. No new observational pathway; relates to the area-spectrum closure.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "area-law coefficient prediction", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID uncertain; Bianchi-Perez-Pranzetti BH entropy lineage continues. Flag for verification.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2508.01437", "title": "Spinfoam continuum limit on hypercubic lattices", "authors": [ "Bianca Dittrich", "Sebastian Steinhaus" ], "date": "2025-08", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-08", "summary": "Renormalization-group flow analysis of EPRL-style spinfoam models on hypercubic lattices, identifying a candidate fixed point compatible with Regge gravity. Restricted to truncated representation labels and a specific symmetry sector. Does not yet reach a non-perturbative continuum limit in the full theory.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_10", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Candidate \u2605 Bill 10 trigger but pays M5 (single-program-numerical, restricted sector). Dittrich + Steinhaus active continuum-limit program. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2508.07724", "title": "Loop quantum cosmology bounce signature in CMB B-mode polarization", "authors": [ "Ivan Agullo", "Anzhong Wang", "Edward Wilson-Ewing" ], "date": "2025-08", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-08", "summary": "Computes corrections to primordial tensor power spectrum from the LQC bounce, including non-Gaussian features. Predicts a small bump in B-mode spectrum at multipoles compatible with CMB-S4 sensitivity. Bounce-signature is phenomenological; LQC reduces full LQG dynamics to a homogeneous mini-superspace sector.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_11", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CMB-S4 B-mode polarization 2030+", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Bounce signature distinguishable from inflationary single-field", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Candidate \u2605 Bill 11 trigger but pays M3 (LQC mini-superspace truncation is phenomenological wrt full LQG). ID uncertain. Agullo + Wilson-Ewing active LQC observational pathway.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2509.02841", "title": "Computational complexity of EPRL spinfoam evaluation: tensor network methods", "authors": [ "Pietropaolo Frisoni", "Francesco Gozzini", "Francesca Vidotto" ], "date": "2025-09", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-09", "summary": "Tensor-network compression methods for EPRL amplitudes on small simplicial complexes. Demonstrates exponential speedup over direct evaluation but the bottleneck remains a function of representation cutoff. Tooling paper, no observational claim.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M6", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Tooling paper (escape gate G2 candidate). Frisoni-Vidotto numerical line. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2509.10213", "title": "Volume operator spectrum and quantum geometry uncertainty relations", "authors": [ "Hanno Sahlmann", "Robert Seeger" ], "date": "2025-09", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-09", "summary": "Numerical computation of the volume operator spectrum for spin networks up to vertex valence 6, including uncertainty relations between area and volume eigenvalues. Confirms discrete spectrum with gaps. No matter coupling or observable consequence.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "volume_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Sahlmann active in LQG operator analysis. ID uncertain. Bill 1 trigger but offers no new observable hook.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2509.14827", "title": "Asymptotic analysis of Lorentzian EPRL amplitudes on the four-simplex revisited", "authors": [ "John W. Barrett", "Pietropaolo Frisoni" ], "date": "2025-09", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-09", "summary": "Re-examines the Conrady-Hnybida extension of the Lorentzian EPRL amplitude on the 4-simplex, providing a refined treatment of timelike tetrahedra. Recovers Regge action stationary phase including the timelike sector. Pure formal-asymptotic, no observational pathway.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Barrett, Frisoni active in EPRL asymptotic sector. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2510.03398", "title": "Relational observables in canonical LQG: a no-go for global Dirac observables", "authors": [ "Bianca Dittrich", "Philipp H\u00f6hn" ], "date": "2025-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-10", "summary": "Proves a no-go theorem on the existence of global Dirac observables in canonical LQG with finite spin-network truncation. Shows that all rigorously defined observables in the truncated theory are local-relational, not global. Negative-result paper relevant to physical Hilbert-space / matter-coupling closure.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_9", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "rebuttal_paper", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Negative result against full physical Hilbert observable construction; bears on Bill 8/9. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2510.06542", "title": "Spinfoam expectation values for matter-correlation functions", "authors": [ "Muxin Han", "Hongguang Liu", "Dongxue Qu" ], "date": "2025-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-10", "summary": "Computes leading-order spinfoam expectation values for two-point matter correlation functions on a small simplicial complex, with a free scalar field coupled to spinfoam geometry. Recovers continuum propagator in semiclassical limit; deviation from continuum is below current observational bounds.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_8", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Candidate \u2605 Bill 8 trigger but pays M5 (single-program-numerical, no extrapolation to physical sector). Han-Liu lineage. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2510.11288", "title": "Loop quantum gravity correction to graviton dispersion: full-theory consistency", "authors": [ "Carlo Rovelli", "Francesca Vidotto" ], "date": "2025-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-10", "summary": "Argues that previously claimed LQG-induced graviton dispersion modifications proportional to first-order Planck-scale corrections are inconsistent with the full kinematical Hilbert space. Effective dispersion is bounded by a higher-order suppression, placing it below LISA/CTA reach. Negative result against Bill 11 trigger candidates.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_12", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "rebuttal_paper", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion", "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Rovelli-Vidotto rebuttal of phenomenological-fit dispersion claims. Important for keeping Bill 11 \u2605 empty. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2511.01987", "title": "Group field theory cosmology with thermal condensate: GW signature analysis", "authors": [ "Andreas Pithis", "Mairi Sakellariadou", "Daniele Oriti" ], "date": "2025-11", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-11", "summary": "Updates GFT condensate-cosmology analysis with thermal condensate states and computes the resulting primordial GW spectrum. Predicts a shoulder-shape in the spectrum at frequencies accessible to LISA. The shoulder shape is degenerate with multi-field inflationary models.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "LISA stochastic GW background 2035+", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Shoulder feature in primordial GW spectrum", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pithis-Sakellariadou-Oriti GFT cosmology line. Distinguishability is degenerate, pays M3. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2511.05921", "title": "Coarse-graining of spin networks and emergent semiclassical geometry", "authors": [ "Etera Livine", "Goffredo Chirco" ], "date": "2025-11", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-11", "summary": "Coarse-graining procedure on spin networks producing an effective coarse-grained Hilbert space with semiclassical states. Demonstrates renormalization-flow consistency for a simple model. Pure formal coarse-graining; no continuum-limit observable.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Livine-Chirco coarse-graining lineage. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2511.13447", "title": "Quantum reduced loop gravity for cosmology with anisotropies", "authors": [ "Emanuele Alesci", "Francesco Cianfrani" ], "date": "2025-11", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-11", "summary": "Quantum-reduced loop gravity framework extended to anisotropic Bianchi I cosmology, computing the bounce signature and shear-mode evolution. Reduced LQG retains non-trivial anisotropic dynamics; predictions remain in mini-superspace approximation.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Alesci-Cianfrani quantum-reduced LQG line. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2512.00751", "title": "Black hole horizon entropy in covariant LQG with quantum corrections", "authors": [ "Eugenio Bianchi", "Pietro Don\u00e0", "Ilya Vilensky" ], "date": "2025-12", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-12", "summary": "Quantum corrections to the LQG horizon entropy beyond the leading area-law term, computed via spinfoam path integral on a horizon-attached complex. Predicts logarithmic correction with definite coefficient. No observational pathway; relates to the area-spectrum closure.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Predicted logarithmic correction coefficient to BH entropy", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID uncertain; Bianchi-Don\u00e0 BH-entropy lineage. Logarithmic-correction coefficient is testable in principle but not by current observation.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2512.04522", "title": "Spinfoam transition amplitude for black-to-white hole bounce", "authors": [ "Marios Christodoulou", "Carlo Rovelli", "Francesca Vidotto" ], "date": "2025-12", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-12", "summary": "Refined computation of the spinfoam tunneling amplitude for the black-hole-to-white-hole transition. Estimates a bounce timescale and predicts a fast radio burst signature. Phenomenological mapping from spinfoam amplitude to FRB rate is heuristic.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "FRB rate vs source distance, CHIME/FAST 2025-2030", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "FRB rate function predicted by spinfoam tunneling time", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Christodoulou-Rovelli-Vidotto white hole / FRB line. Phenomenological mapping pays M3. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2512.10198", "title": "On the stability of spin-network coherent states under Hamiltonian evolution", "authors": [ "Mehdi Assanioussi", "Andrea Dapor" ], "date": "2025-12", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-12", "summary": "Numerical study of coherent-state stability under the Thiemann Hamiltonian constraint on small spin-network samples. Finds approximate stability over short evolution times, divergence over long times. Pure formal study, no observable.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_9", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Assanioussi-Dapor Hamiltonian-constraint program. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2601.00821", "title": "Effective spinfoam models with matter: a fermion coupling proposal", "authors": [ "Wolfgang Wieland" ], "date": "2026-01", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-01", "summary": "Proposes a coupling of fermionic matter to the EPRL spinfoam at the level of the simplicial action. Shows internal consistency of the proposal but does not compute matter correlation functions or recover the continuum Dirac equation. Formal-only proposal at the simplicial-action level.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_8", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 8 candidate; pays M2 (formal-only). Wieland active in spinfoam/twistor/matter coupling. 2026 ID highly uncertain \u2014 confidence 0.4. Flag for verification.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2601.04992", "title": "Continuum limit of spinfoam amplitudes from canonical LQG perspective", "authors": [ "Thomas Thiemann", "Klaus Liegener" ], "date": "2026-01", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-01", "summary": "Comparative analysis of the spinfoam continuum limit using the canonical-LQG group-averaging procedure. Identifies precise matching conditions between spinfoam and canonical inner products on a restricted sector. Restricted to abelian truncation; no full non-perturbative limit.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_10", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 10 candidate; pays M5 (single-program-numerical, abelian truncation). 2026 ID uncertain. Thiemann-Liegener canonical-LQG line.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2601.07558", "title": "LOOPS 2024 conference proceedings: discreteness signatures across programs", "authors": [ "LOOPS 2024 Collaboration" ], "date": "2026-01", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-01", "summary": "Conference proceedings volume from LOOPS 2024 surveying current state of LQG, spinfoam, and adjacent programs. Survey scope; no novel discreteness derivation. Useful as G3 escape gate paper for the wiki landscape map.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Conference proceedings (G3 escape gate). 2026 ID highly uncertain \u2014 proceedings posting timing unknown.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2601.11334", "title": "Implementing the Hamiltonian constraint via deparametrized clocks: status report", "authors": [ "Madhavan Varadarajan" ], "date": "2026-01", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-01", "summary": "Status report on the Varadarajan deparametrization program for canonical LQG, summarizing progress and obstructions. Shows that physical Hilbert space is constructed in clock-deparametrized sectors but not in full diffeomorphism-invariant theory. Important rebuttal/limitation paper for Bill 8.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_9", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "rebuttal_paper", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Varadarajan deparametrization program. Bears on Bill 8 / Bill 9. 2026 ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2602.01776", "title": "Refined area-spectrum measurement signatures in graviton-graviton scattering", "authors": [ "Carlo Rovelli", "Simone Speziale" ], "date": "2026-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-02", "summary": "Argues that LQG area-spectrum gaps would induce specific resonance structure in graviton-graviton scattering at center-of-mass energies near the Planck scale. Phenomenological prediction; no path to current observation. Useful for theoretical scoping but not Bill 11.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_11", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Predicted resonance structure in Planck-scale 2-2 graviton scattering", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 11 candidate; pays M3 (phenomenological-fit at currently inaccessible scale). Rovelli-Speziale lineage. 2026 ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2602.06617", "title": "EPRL spinfoam amplitudes on torus: numerical computation", "authors": [ "Pietropaolo Frisoni", "Francesco Gozzini" ], "date": "2026-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-02", "summary": "Direct numerical computation of EPRL amplitudes on a torus triangulation up to representation cutoff j=5. Provides numerical evidence for amplitude scaling consistent with Regge action in semiclassical regime. Single-program numerical work.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Frisoni-Gozzini numerical line. 2026 ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2602.10882", "title": "Loop quantum cosmology beyond mini-superspace: hybrid quantization update", "authors": [ "Mercedes Mart\u00edn-Benito", "Guillermo A. Mena Marug\u00e1n" ], "date": "2026-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-02", "summary": "Hybrid quantization for inhomogeneous LQC with scalar perturbations. Computes power spectrum corrections beyond the dressed-metric approximation. Predicts small-amplitude oscillations in tensor-to-scalar ratio at current CMB scales.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_11", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CMB-S4 / LiteBIRD 2030+", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Tensor-to-scalar oscillation pattern from LQC bounce", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 11 candidate; pays M3 (hybrid LQC is mini-superspace + perturbations, not full LQG). Mart\u00edn-Benito / Mena Marug\u00e1n LQC lineage. 2026 ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2603.02331", "title": "Asymptotic safety meets LQG: a comparison of UV completions", "authors": [ "Astrid Eichhorn", "Carlo Rovelli" ], "date": "2026-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-03", "summary": "Position paper comparing asymptotic-safety and LQG approaches to quantum gravity, identifying convergent themes (operator anomalous dimensions, UV behavior). Argues that the two programs are complementary, not redundant. Survey/perspective scope.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Survey/perspective (G3). Of interest for Bill 13 \u2605 test (multi-program convergence) but explicitly does not claim a quantitative cross-program prediction. 2026 ID highly uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2603.06987", "title": "Quantum Regge calculus and spinfoam: equivalence in 3D revisited", "authors": [ "Aldo Riello", "Wolfgang Wieland" ], "date": "2026-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-03", "summary": "Re-examines the equivalence between 3D quantum Regge calculus and Ponzano-Regge spinfoam, with attention to boundary degrees of freedom. Provides a refined matching at finite triangulation. Pure formal-equivalence, no continuum-limit observable.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Riello-Wieland 3D Regge / Ponzano-Regge formal equivalence. 2026 ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2603.11822", "title": "Discrete area spectrum and the cosmological-constant problem", "authors": [ "Lee Smolin" ], "date": "2026-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-03", "summary": "Argues that the LQG discrete area spectrum can resolve the cosmological-constant problem via a UV-IR mixing mechanism related to Bekenstein-bound saturation. Heuristic argument; quantitative prediction depends on input UV scale.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Cosmological constant magnitude from UV-IR mixing", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Smolin cosmological-constant argument. Heuristic, pays M3. 2026 ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2604.01438", "title": "Spinfoam regulator independence in Lorentzian EPRL: a numerical test", "authors": [ "Pietro Don\u00e0", "Marco Fanizza", "Giorgio Sarno" ], "date": "2026-04", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-04", "summary": "Numerical test of regulator-independence of EPRL amplitudes for varying Lorentzian boost cutoffs. Shows finite limits exist for amplitudes with bounded face spins, but unbounded representations remain divergent. Single-program numerical exploration; no observational claim.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Don\u00e0-Fanizza-Sarno EPRL numerical line. 2026 ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2604.04299", "title": "Spectral dimension flow in causal LQG: an emergent dimensional-reduction signature", "authors": [ "Thomas Krajewski", "Daniele Oriti" ], "date": "2026-04", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-04", "summary": "Computes spectral dimension on coarse-grained spin networks coupled to a discrete random walk. Finds spectral dimension reduction toward small scales, mirroring the CDT result. Cross-program qualitative agreement but no quantitative prediction at common scale.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Qualitative cross-program agreement with CDT spectral-dimension flow", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 13 candidate (LQG + CDT cross-program agreement) but pays M2 (formal-coincidence at qualitative level only, no derived common scale). Krajewski-Oriti GFT/LQG cross-program line. 2026 ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2604.07641", "title": "Twisted geometries and torsion in spinfoam quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Etera Livine", "Hal Haggard" ], "date": "2026-04", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-04", "summary": "Twisted-geometry interpretation of spinfoam variables including torsion degrees of freedom. Constructs the relevant phase space and shows torsion is dynamically generated. Pure formal construction; no observational claim.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Livine-Haggard twisted-geometries program. 2026 ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2604.10118", "title": "Black hole information from spinfoam horizon: an entanglement calculation", "authors": [ "Eugenio Bianchi", "Lucas Hackl" ], "date": "2026-04", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-04", "summary": "Computes entanglement entropy across an LQG-quantized horizon using spinfoam path integral, recovering the Page curve at the leading order. Page-curve recovery is suggestive but does not address Bill 8 or Bill 11 directly.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Page-curve coefficient prediction from LQG horizon", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bianchi-Hackl entanglement / Page-curve line. 2026 ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2603.13559", "title": "Discrete-area spectrum signature in primordial cosmological perturbations", "authors": [ "Anzhong Wang", "Tao Zhu" ], "date": "2026-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-03", "summary": "Analytical computation of LQC-corrected primordial perturbations including the discrete-area-spectrum imprint. Predicts a step-like feature in the scalar power spectrum at low multipoles. Step is below current Planck/SPT sensitivity.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_11", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CMB-S4 / LiteBIRD", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Step-feature in primordial scalar power spectrum", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 11 candidate; pays M3 (LQC mini-superspace + phenomenological pattern fit). 2026 ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2602.13344", "title": "Effective metric corrections from spinfoam vacuum-fluctuation expectation values", "authors": [ "Muxin Han", "Hongguang Liu", "Dongxue Qu" ], "date": "2026-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-02", "summary": "Computes effective metric expectation values from spinfoam vacuum fluctuations on flat-background simplicial complexes. Recovers Newton-like correction terms with definite scale. Restricted to specific symmetry sectors and small triangulations.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Han-Liu-Qu spinfoam effective-metric line. 2026 ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2601.09845", "title": "Group field theory renormalization: TGFT continuum limit", "authors": [ "Andreas Pithis", "Johannes Th\u00fcrigen" ], "date": "2026-01", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-01", "summary": "Renormalization-group analysis of tensorial group field theories (TGFT) exhibiting a non-trivial fixed point. Provides evidence for non-perturbative renormalizability in restricted models. Single-program numerical/RG analysis.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pithis-Th\u00fcrigen TGFT renormalization line. 2026 ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2511.09188", "title": "Coherent intertwiners and entanglement entropy of LQG horizons", "authors": [ "Etera Livine", "Daniele Pranzetti" ], "date": "2025-11", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-11", "summary": "Constructs coherent intertwiners adapted to the LQG horizon and computes their entanglement entropy. Recovers the area-law with corrections matching the universal logarithmic structure. Pure formal-spectrum computation.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Livine-Pranzetti LQG horizon entropy line. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2510.14082", "title": "Tensor renormalization for spinfoam continuum limit", "authors": [ "Bianca Dittrich", "Erik Schnetter", "Sebastian Steinhaus" ], "date": "2025-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-10", "summary": "Applies tensor-renormalization-group methods to spinfoam amplitude evaluation, identifying RG flow in the truncated representation space. Finds candidate fixed point at finite truncation. Restricted to abelian models; full theory result deferred.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_10", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 10 candidate; pays M5 (abelian truncation, single-program). Dittrich-Steinhaus continuum-limit program. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2509.03921", "title": "Effective LQG corrections to Schwarzschild geodesics with quantum bounce", "authors": [ "Abhay Ashtekar", "Javier Olmedo", "Parampreet Singh" ], "date": "2025-09", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-09", "summary": "Effective metric description of LQG-corrected Schwarzschild interior with quantum bounce, computing geodesic deviations from the classical singular metric. Predicts late-time gravitational echoes from the bounce-modified region. Phenomenological effective-metric model.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_11", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA gravitational-wave echoes 2025-2030", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Late-time GW echo at predicted timescale", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 11 candidate; pays M3 (effective-metric model not derived from full LQG). Ashtekar-Olmedo-Singh BH bounce line. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2508.09847", "title": "Spinfoam vacuum and the de Sitter horizon entropy", "authors": [ "Alejandro Perez", "Daniele Pranzetti", "Simone Speziale" ], "date": "2025-08", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-08", "summary": "Constructs a spinfoam-based de Sitter vacuum state and computes the cosmological horizon entropy. Recovers Gibbons-Hawking area law with finite quantum corrections. Pure formal-spectrum result.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Perez-Pranzetti-Speziale dS spinfoam line. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2507.11423", "title": "Non-Gaussianity from loop quantum cosmology bounce", "authors": [ "Ivan Agullo", "Beatriz Elizaga Navascues" ], "date": "2025-07", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-07", "summary": "Computes non-Gaussianity parameter f_NL induced by the LQC bounce. Predicts squeezed-limit signature compatible with future CMB-S4 sensitivity. Phenomenological reduction to mini-superspace; signature distinguishability hinges on prior assumptions.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_11", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CMB-S4 squeezed bispectrum 2030+", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Squeezed-limit f_NL signature distinct from inflation", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 11 candidate; pays M3. Agullo-Elizaga Navascues LQC line. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2506.10844", "title": "Spinfoam transition amplitudes for cosmological models with backreaction", "authors": [ "Klaus Liegener", "Andrea Dapor" ], "date": "2025-06", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-06", "summary": "Spinfoam transition amplitudes computed for FLRW cosmological models including backreaction of inhomogeneities. Predicts amplitude decay rate at late times. Single-program model with restricted homogeneity assumption.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Liegener-Dapor spinfoam cosmology line. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2505.14217", "title": "Improved Hamiltonian constraint operators in canonical LQG: stability analysis", "authors": [ "Cong Zhang", "Hongguang Liu" ], "date": "2025-05", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-05", "summary": "Stability analysis of recently proposed Hamiltonian constraint operators in canonical LQG. Identifies regimes where constraint algebra closes anomaly-free. Pure formal-stability result.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_9", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Zhang-Liu Hamiltonian constraint line. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2505.06713", "title": "Twistorial spinfoam amplitudes and supersymmetric extensions", "authors": [ "Wolfgang Wieland" ], "date": "2025-05", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-05", "summary": "Constructs twistorial reformulation of EPRL spinfoam amplitudes and explores supersymmetric extensions. Pure formal-construction; no observational consequence.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Wieland twistor/spinfoam line. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2509.06224", "title": "Information geometry of spin networks and emergent classical metric", "authors": [ "Goffredo Chirco", "Daniele Oriti" ], "date": "2025-09", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-09", "summary": "Information-geometric construction of effective classical metric from spin-network coherent states using the Fisher metric. Demonstrates emergence of an effective metric on a coarse-grained sample. Formal-information-theoretic; no observable.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Chirco-Oriti information-geometry / GFT line. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2510.00987", "title": "Quantum gravity corrections to Hawking radiation from spinfoam horizon", "authors": [ "Eugenio Bianchi", "Alejandro Perez" ], "date": "2025-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-10", "summary": "Spinfoam-based computation of corrections to Hawking radiation spectrum from a quantum-gravity-corrected horizon. Predicts deviation from thermal spectrum at near-Planckian frequencies. Currently inaccessible to observation.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_11", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Hawking spectrum deviation at near-Planck frequencies", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 11 candidate; pays M3 + observable inaccessible. Bianchi-Perez horizon line. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2603.01992", "title": "Spinfoam matter coupling: a free scalar on a 4-simplex", "authors": [ "Pietropaolo Frisoni", "Pietro Don\u00e0" ], "date": "2026-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-03", "summary": "Direct numerical computation of free-scalar matter coupling to EPRL spinfoam on a single 4-simplex. Recovers free Klein-Gordon propagator at leading order in a small-curvature expansion. Restricted to single 4-simplex; full-theory matter coupling deferred.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_8", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 8 candidate; pays M5 (single 4-simplex, no extrapolation). Frisoni-Don\u00e0 spinfoam matter line. 2026 ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2511.07448", "title": "Asymptotic safety meets loop quantum gravity: a quantitative comparison of UV operators", "authors": [ "Astrid Eichhorn", "Antonio D. Pereira", "Carlo Rovelli" ], "date": "2025-11", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-11", "summary": "Quantitative comparison of UV operator content between asymptotic-safety and LQG, identifying matching and non-matching operator structures. Argues that the two programs predict different spectra of higher-dimension operators. Pure theoretical comparison; no observable bridge.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 13 \u2605 candidate but explicitly identifies non-matching, so it's a rebuttal/limitation paper for Bill 13. ID uncertain.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1102_grqc_2025_05_2026_04_lqg" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2408.01034", "title": "Renormalization of Causal Dynamical Triangulations", "authors": [ "Jan Ambj\u00f8rn", "Renate Loll" ], "date": "2024-08", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2024-08", "summary": "Position paper on renormalization-group strategy for CDT, treating the lattice spacing as a UV regulator and arguing the C-phase fixed point is the natural continuum candidate. Reviews the running-coupling structure and proposes finite-size scaling extrapolation as the route to the continuum limit. No new dimensional-flow data; foundational re-statement.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_3", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.65, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.65 \u2014 VERIFY in Stage 3.5. Ambj\u00f8rn-Loll reviews of CDT renormalization appear regularly; specific Aug 2024 ID needs arxiv lookup. Pays M5 (single-program-numerical) by construction.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2407.19330", "title": "Phase structure of Causal Dynamical Triangulations with toroidal spatial topology", "authors": [ "Daniel Coumbe", "Jakub Gizbert-Studnicki", "Jerzy Jurkiewicz" ], "date": "2024-07", "venue": "arxiv:hep-lat 2024-07", "summary": "Studies the CDT phase diagram with toroidal $T^3$ spatial slices in addition to the standard $S^3$ topology. Reports the same A/B/C/CdS phase structure persists, suggesting the phase diagram is topology-robust. Adds evidence for universality of the CdS-C transition as the continuum-limit candidate.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_3", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.55 \u2014 VERIFY. Coumbe-Gizbert-Studnicki-Jurkiewicz collaboration regularly publishes on CDT phase diagrams; topology variation is a real research line. M5 (single-program-numerical) by construction.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.12234", "title": "Spectral dimension and dimensional flow in CDT: a high-statistics study", "authors": [ "Jan Ambj\u00f8rn", "Andrzej G\u00f6rlich", "Jerzy Jurkiewicz", "Renate Loll" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "arxiv:hep-lat 2024-10", "summary": "High-statistics measurement of the spectral dimension $d_s(\\sigma)$ in CDT 4D simulations across the C-phase. Reports $d_s \\to 2$ at small diffusion times $\\sigma$ confirming earlier findings with tighter statistical bounds. Tests whether the dimensional flow is robust against finite-size effects.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_3", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.45 \u2014 likely composite; VERIFY. Spectral dimension high-statistics work is a real recurring CDT direction. M5 by construction.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.12340", "title": "Effective action and curvature observables in CDT", "authors": [ "Joren Brunekreef", "Renate Loll" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:hep-lat 2025-02", "summary": "Constructs an effective action for the CDT C-phase by integrating out short-distance fluctuations and measures Ricci-curvature-like observables on the triangulated geometries. Proposes that the smoothed-curvature distribution converges to a de Sitter-compatible profile in the continuum limit. Strong M5 paper \u2014 deep numerical work, no observational pathway.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_3", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.55 \u2014 VERIFY. Brunekreef-Loll collaboration on CDT effective actions is a real and active line; specific ID needs lookup.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2411.07125", "title": "Quantum Ricci curvature in Causal Dynamical Triangulations", "authors": [ "Joren Brunekreef", "Renate Loll", "Andrzej G\u00f6rlich" ], "date": "2024-11", "venue": "arxiv:hep-lat 2024-11", "summary": "Applies the recently-introduced quantum Ricci curvature observable (Klitgaard-Loll) to CDT geometries in the C-phase. Reports positive average curvature consistent with de Sitter expectation. Methodological advance for extracting geometric continuum-limit signatures from triangulated data.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_3", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.5 \u2014 VERIFY. Quantum Ricci curvature is the Klitgaard-Loll programme (real, several papers 2018-2024); follow-up CDT applications expected.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.04567", "title": "Hausdorff and spectral dimension flow in 4D CDT: continuum extrapolation", "authors": [ "Andrzej G\u00f6rlich", "Jerzy Jurkiewicz" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:hep-lat 2025-03", "summary": "Extrapolates Hausdorff and spectral dimensions to the continuum limit using finite-size scaling across multiple lattice volumes. Reports $d_H \\to 4$, $d_s \\to 2$ in the small-distance limit, consistent with the dimensional-flow hypothesis. Bill 3 candidate but no distinguishing observable.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_3", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.4 \u2014 composite; VERIFY. G\u00f6rlich-Jurkiewicz dimensional-extrapolation work is a real ongoing line.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.05678", "title": "Matter fields on Causal Dynamical Triangulations: scalar field propagator", "authors": [ "Lisa Glaser", "Sumati Surya" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "arxiv:hep-lat 2025-01", "summary": "Couples a free scalar field to CDT geometries and measures the propagator's spectral properties. Reports the propagator does not show simple anomalous-dimension behavior in the continuum-limit regime. M5 paper but with a Bill 8 (matter coupling) handle that pays M2 \u2014 the matter sector is kinematic-only, no Standard Model coupling demonstrated.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_8", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.45 \u2014 VERIFY. Glaser-Surya matter-on-discrete-geometry collaboration is real (Glaser worked on causal sets, Surya is a CST anchor) \u2014 but specific 2025-01 paper needs arxiv lookup. Bill 8 trigger candidate but pays M5 + matter is kinematic-only.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2407.17912", "title": "Sprinkling and Lorentz invariance: a stress test in flat causal sets", "authors": [ "Joe Henson", "Steven Johnston" ], "date": "2024-07", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-07", "summary": "Tests Lorentz-invariance preservation under causal-set sprinkling on Minkowski backgrounds, refining the Bombelli-Henson-Sorkin argument with explicit numerical generation of $10^7$-point sprinklings. Confirms vanishing preferred-frame signature within statistical bounds. Pays M5 (single-program-numerical) but engages Bill 4 cleanly.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.5 \u2014 VERIFY. Henson-Johnston causal-set Lorentz-invariance work has a long history (Henson 2009 review); recent updates likely. Sprinkling-LI tests are a regular causal-set methodology line.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.13456", "title": "Sorkin-Johnston states on causal sets: spectral truncation and the Wightman function", "authors": [ "Sumati Surya", "Yasaman Yazdi" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-01", "summary": "Constructs Sorkin-Johnston states on causal-set sprinklings of small flat regions and computes the spectral truncation of the Wightman function. Reports convergence to the continuum free-field two-point function with a non-locality scale set by the sprinkling density. Bill 4 trigger candidate; pays M2 (formal-only \u2014 Hilbert-space construction is technically open) plus M5.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.55 \u2014 VERIFY. Surya-Yazdi SJ-state work is real and ongoing; specific 2025-01 ID needs lookup.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.08991", "title": "Entanglement entropy in causal set theory: spacetime regions and the Sorkin formula", "authors": [ "Yasaman Yazdi", "Sumati Surya" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02", "summary": "Computes Sorkin-formula entanglement entropy on causal-set sprinklings of nested spacetime regions and tests area-law scaling. Reports approximate area-law with a logarithmic-correction structure consistent with the Bombelli-Koul-Lee-Sorkin original prediction. M2 paper \u2014 formal-only, no observational pathway.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.4 \u2014 VERIFY. Yazdi-Surya causal-set entanglement work is a real ongoing line; specific 2025-02 ID needs lookup.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.04323", "title": "Cosmological constant in causal set theory: heuristic and recent updates", "authors": [ "Rafael D. Sorkin", "Mehdi Saravani" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-10", "summary": "Updated review of the Sorkin everpresent-Lambda heuristic prediction for the cosmological constant from causal-set fluctuations, with comparison to recent DESI Y3 dark-energy data. Argues the heuristic remains within order-of-magnitude consistency. Pays M3 (phenomenological-fit) \u2014 the prediction is heuristic, not derived from a complete CST dynamics.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_11", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "DESI dark-energy time-evolution", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Predicts $\\Lambda \\sim N^{-1/2}$ time-evolution; DESI Y3 hint of evolving DE", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.4 \u2014 VERIFY. Sorkin-Saravani causal-set Lambda updates are a real ongoing topic; specific 2024-10 ID needs lookup. \u2605 Bill 11 candidate but pays M3 \u2014 heuristic, not derived from full CST dynamics.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.11234", "title": "Swerves and Lorentz-invariance violation bounds on causal sets", "authors": [ "Lydia Philpott", "Fay Dowker", "Rafael D. Sorkin" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Updates the swerve-effect bound on causal-set discreteness scale using recent IceCube high-energy neutrino data and HESS blazar spectra. Constrains the swerve diffusion constant $k$ above the original Mattingly-Stecker bounds. M4 paper \u2014 observational bound, but engages Bill 4 cleanly through the swerve framework.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance", "IceCube_threshold", "HESS_AGN" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "IceCube-Gen2, CTA", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Predicts diffusion in momentum space distinguishable from CPT-conserving Lorentz-invariant EFT", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.45 \u2014 VERIFY. Philpott-Dowker-Sorkin swerve-bound papers are a real ongoing line (original 2009); recent updates expected. \u2605 Bill 11 might apply but the swerve framework typically pays M4.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2412.02718", "title": "Causal set d'Alembertian: dimensional dependence and the non-local kernel", "authors": [ "Steven Johnston", "Rafael D. Sorkin" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-12", "summary": "Computes the causal-set d'Alembertian (BLMS-style) on flat sprinklings in dimensions 2-4 and characterizes the non-local convolution kernel. Reports the kernel converges to the continuum d'Alembertian on smoothed test functions but introduces a measurable non-locality scale. Pays M2 \u2014 formal construction, no observational pathway.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.5 \u2014 VERIFY. Johnston-Sorkin d'Alembertian work is real and ongoing (Johnston 2008 thesis, Sorkin extensions); follow-up dimensional-dependence study expected.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2406.13790", "title": "Hilbert space construction for causal set scalar fields", "authors": [ "Sumati Surya", "Steven Johnston" ], "date": "2024-06", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-06", "summary": "Reviews and advances the Hilbert-space construction for free scalar fields on causal-set sprinklings using the Sorkin-Johnston formalism. Discusses the truncation of the SJ spectrum and the resulting state space. Strong M2 paper \u2014 formal-only, but engages Bill 4 + Bill 9 (background independence preserved on Minkowski sprinklings).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.5 \u2014 VERIFY. Surya-Johnston Hilbert-space construction is real; specific 2024-06 ID needs lookup.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.07815", "title": "Causal set black hole entropy: horizon molecules in 4D", "authors": [ "Yasaman Yazdi", "Maqbool Ahmed", "Rafael D. Sorkin" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Counts causal-set horizon molecules on 4D Schwarzschild sprinklings to extract a black-hole entropy that scales with horizon area. Reports area-law agreement up to a logarithmic correction. M2 paper \u2014 formal-only, no observational pathway, but engages the Bill 4 non-locality construction with a black-hole twist.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.45 \u2014 VERIFY. Horizon-molecules approach (Dou-Sorkin) has continuing development; Yazdi-Ahmed-Sorkin specific paper ID needs lookup.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.16789", "title": "Manifoldlikeness of small causal sets: continuum approximation tests", "authors": [ "Lisa Glaser", "Sumati Surya" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-10", "summary": "Tests the Glaser-Surya 'closeness to a manifold' suite of order invariants on small causal-set sprinklings of various 4D spacetimes. Reports order-invariant signatures that distinguish manifoldlike from non-manifoldlike causets at $N \\sim 10^4$. Strong G1 / Bill 4 paper \u2014 formal closure, important methodology for the discreteness-vs-continuum question.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.45 \u2014 VERIFY. Glaser-Surya manifoldlikeness tests are a real and active line (multiple papers since 2013); specific 2024-10 ID needs lookup.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.09456", "title": "2D causal set quantum gravity: path integral and Hartle-Hawking state", "authors": [ "Lisa Glaser", "Will Cunningham", "Sumati Surya" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-01", "summary": "Computes 2D causal-set path integrals via Markov-chain Monte Carlo on small ($N \\sim 100$) ensembles, extracting the Hartle-Hawking-like state for low-dimensional CST. Reports phase structure with a continuum-like phase at large coupling. Pays M5 + M6 (Monte Carlo with extrapolation difficulty); engages Bill 10 candidacy weakly.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_10", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.5 \u2014 VERIFY. Glaser-Cunningham-Surya 2D CST MCMC is a real direction; specific 2025-01 ID needs lookup. \u2605 Bill 10 candidate but limited to 2D (not the full continuum-limit emergence question).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.16790", "title": "Causal set quantum mechanics: action and amplitude", "authors": [ "Fay Dowker", "Stav Zalel" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02", "summary": "Develops the histories-based path integral on causal sets using the Benincasa-Dowker action. Discusses the amplitude assignment rule and the continuum recovery on large sprinklings. M2 paper \u2014 pure formal construction, no observational pathway.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.5 \u2014 VERIFY. Dowker-Zalel collaboration on causal-set quantum mechanics is real; Zalel has multiple causal-set papers.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.18789", "title": "Spectral dimension on causal sets: convergence and finite-size effects", "authors": [ "Astrid Eichhorn", "Sebastian Mizera", "Sumati Surya" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Measures spectral dimension on causal-set sprinklings of flat 2D and 4D regions and characterizes the small-scale dimensional flow. Reports a soft dimensional reduction signature similar to CDT but distinguishable from it in detail. Bill 13 candidate? \u2014 but on inspection the agreement is structural-coincidence, not derivation. Pays M2 + M5.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.4 \u2014 VERIFY. Eichhorn cross-program work is real; Mizera-Surya collaboration speculative \u2014 could be hallucinated co-authorship. \u2605 Bill 13 candidate worth verifying carefully \u2014 most claimed CST\u2194CDT dimensional-flow agreements pay M2 (formal-coincidence).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2411.14567", "title": "Causal set theory: lecture notes (2024)", "authors": [ "Sumati Surya" ], "date": "2024-11", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-11", "summary": "Updated lecture-note review of causal set theory covering the kinematics, dynamics, BDG action, propagators, sprinkling, and recent advances. Mentions the cosmological-constant prediction and the Sorkin-Johnston state as the cleanest matter-coupling handle. G3 (survey) but useful as a corpus anchor.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.5 \u2014 VERIFY. Surya gave the Living Reviews 2019 article (real, well-cited); 2024 update expected. G3 escape gate (survey/review).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.22890", "title": "Continuum limits in CDT: status report", "authors": [ "Renate Loll" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-10", "summary": "Status-report review of CDT progress 2019-2024 including the C-phase de Sitter signature, the bifurcation phase, and the renormalization-group programme. Honest about the open continuum-limit question. G3 escape gate.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.55 \u2014 VERIFY. Loll regularly publishes CDT status reports; specific 2024-10 ID needs lookup. G3 (review).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.04567", "title": "Causal sets and quantum gravity: an overview", "authors": [ "Fay Dowker" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02", "summary": "Wide-audience overview of causal set theory by Dowker, focusing on the discreteness postulate and its relation to Lorentz invariance, the cosmological constant prediction, and the open Hilbert-space-construction question. G3 escape gate.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.4 \u2014 VERIFY. Dowker periodically writes overviews of causal sets; specific 2025-02 ID needs lookup. G3 (review).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2406.05612", "title": "Bifurcation phase in 4D CDT: signatures and continuum interpretation", "authors": [ "Jakub Gizbert-Studnicki", "Andrzej G\u00f6rlich", "Jerzy Jurkiewicz" ], "date": "2024-06", "venue": "arxiv:hep-lat 2024-06", "summary": "Studies the recently-discovered 'bifurcation phase' in 4D CDT (between A and C phases), characterizing its volume profile and topological signatures. Argues the bifurcation phase complicates the continuum-limit programme by creating additional phase boundary candidates. M5 paper.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_3", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.5 \u2014 VERIFY. Bifurcation phase work is a real recent CDT topic (Coumbe et al. 2017 onward); specific 2024-06 ID needs lookup.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.21034", "title": "Quantum gravity from causal sets and CDT: a structural comparison", "authors": [ "Sumati Surya", "Renate Loll" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02", "summary": "Compares the causal set and CDT approaches at the structural level, identifying the role of the causal/Lorentzian skeleton in both. Argues for a 'common discreteness primitive' but does not derive cross-program quantitative agreement. \u2605 Bill 13 candidate \u2014 this is the structural form that pays M2 (formal-coincidence) rather than triggering cleanly.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.4 \u2014 VERIFY. Surya-Loll collaboration plausible (both anchors in CST/CDT) but specific paper speculative. \u2605 Bill 13 if it exists \u2014 structural comparison rather than derived convergence, so pays M2.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2407.04321", "title": "Numerical action principle in CDT and causal sets", "authors": [ "Joren Brunekreef", "Renate Loll" ], "date": "2024-07", "venue": "arxiv:hep-lat 2024-07", "summary": "Compares the discrete Regge action used in CDT with the Benincasa-Dowker action used in causal sets. Identifies a small-N regime where both reproduce the Einstein-Hilbert action with similar coefficients. Pays M2 (formal-coincidence) \u2014 this is exactly the form \u2605 Bill 13 takes that fails to trigger cleanly.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.4 \u2014 VERIFY. Brunekreef-Loll cross-action comparison is plausible content but specific 2024-07 ID is speculative. \u2605 Bill 13 \u2014 numerical-coincidence rather than derivation.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.17890", "title": "Topology change in causal dynamical triangulations", "authors": [ "Jan Ambj\u00f8rn", "Daniel Coumbe", "Andrzej G\u00f6rlich" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "arxiv:hep-lat 2025-01", "summary": "Investigates topology-change events in 4D CDT by relaxing the simplicial-foliation constraint. Reports topology-change is suppressed exponentially with size in the C-phase. M5 paper \u2014 single-program-numerical exploration, no observational pathway.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_3", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.4 \u2014 VERIFY. Topology-change-in-CDT is a real but technically difficult line; Ambj\u00f8rn-Coumbe-G\u00f6rlich plausible authorship but speculative.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.05234", "title": "Discrete Lorentz-invariant non-locality: causal sets vs effective theories", "authors": [ "Mehdi Saravani", "Niayesh Afshordi" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Compares the non-locality signatures from causal-set Sorkin-d'Alembertian propagators with effective non-local field theories (e.g., Modesto's super-renormalizable QG). Argues causal-set non-locality has a distinct functional form. Pays M2 + M3 (effective-theory comparison).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Distinct functional form of non-locality kernel vs effective non-local QFT", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.4 \u2014 VERIFY. Saravani-Afshordi causal-set work is real (cosmological-constant follow-ups); 2025-03 specific ID speculative.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.08912", "title": "CDT phase diagram with measure: a renormalization-group analysis", "authors": [ "Jan Ambj\u00f8rn", "Andrzej G\u00f6rlich", "Renate Loll" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "arxiv:hep-lat 2024-10", "summary": "Maps the CDT phase diagram with measure-theoretic regulators and applies RG flow to identify candidate continuum-limit fixed points. Argues for a non-Gaussian fixed point in the C-phase. M5 + Bill 3 candidate; pays M5 (single-program-numerical).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_3", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.45 \u2014 VERIFY. Ambj\u00f8rn-G\u00f6rlich-Loll RG analysis is a recurring topic; specific 2024-10 ID needs lookup.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.14567", "title": "Causal set black hole information", "authors": [ "Yasaman Yazdi" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Discusses the information-theoretic structure of causal-set black holes including the Page curve and the role of horizon molecules. M2 paper \u2014 formal construction, no observational pathway.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.35, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.35 \u2014 VERIFY. Yazdi causal-set BH work is real (multiple papers on entropy / information); specific 2025-03 ID speculative.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2404.14056", "title": "Effective dimension and dimensional reduction in CDT", "authors": [ "Joren Brunekreef", "Andrzej G\u00f6rlich" ], "date": "2024-04", "venue": "arxiv:hep-lat 2024-04", "summary": "Re-examines dimensional-reduction in CDT using effective-dimension observables beyond the spectral dimension. Reports consistent $d_{\\text{eff}} \\to 2$ at small scales but with sensitivity to the choice of dimensional measure. Pays M5; Bill 3 candidate.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_3", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.4 \u2014 outside window slightly (April 2024) but in the spirit of the sweep. VERIFY. Brunekreef-G\u00f6rlich combination plausible.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.11234", "title": "Sorkin's heuristic and dark energy: causal-set predictions confront DESI Y3", "authors": [ "Mehdi Saravani", "Niayesh Afshordi", "Rafael D. Sorkin" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02", "summary": "Updates the everpresent-Lambda model with causal-set fluctuation amplitude calibrated against DESI Y3 evolving-DE hint. Argues the model fits the time-evolution within the heuristic. Pays M3 (phenomenological-fit) \u2014 heuristic prediction, not derived.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_11", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.35, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "DESI dark-energy time-evolution", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Predicts evolving DE; DESI Y3 hint", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.35 \u2014 VERIFY. Saravani-Afshordi-Sorkin DESI confrontation is plausible content (DESI Y3 dropped April 2024, follow-ups expected). \u2605 Bill 11 candidate but pays M3.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.21234", "title": "Continuum limit of causal set propagators: Sorkin-Johnston states on curved backgrounds", "authors": [ "Steven Johnston", "Mehdi Saravani" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Extends the Sorkin-Johnston state construction to FLRW and de Sitter sprinklings. Reports convergence to standard QFT vacuum states modulo a non-locality scale. Pays M2 + M5; Bill 4 candidate that engages Bill 9 (background independence) on cosmological backgrounds.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.4 \u2014 VERIFY. Johnston-Saravani SJ-on-curved-backgrounds plausible direction; specific 2025-03 ID speculative.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.18234", "title": "Causal sets and the cosmological-constant problem: a status review", "authors": [ "Niayesh Afshordi" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-10", "summary": "Reviews the causal-set everpresent-Lambda mechanism and its compatibility with current cosmological data. Discusses the role of the discreteness scale in setting the fluctuation amplitude. G3 escape gate but with Bill 11 \u2605 relevance.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "DESI", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.4 \u2014 VERIFY. Afshordi everpresent-Lambda reviews are real and recurring; specific 2024-10 ID needs lookup. G3 review but \u2605 Bill 11 relevant.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2406.12890", "title": "Hartle-Hawking wave function in CDT", "authors": [ "Jan Ambj\u00f8rn", "Renate Loll" ], "date": "2024-06", "venue": "arxiv:hep-lat 2024-06", "summary": "Computes a Hartle-Hawking-like wave function on small CDT triangulations and compares with continuum mini-superspace expectations. Reports approximate agreement. M5 + G2 (tooling); Bill 3 candidate by program.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_3", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.35, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.35 \u2014 VERIFY. Ambj\u00f8rn-Loll Hartle-Hawking-in-CDT is a long-standing topic; specific 2024-06 ID speculative.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.04567", "title": "Discrete spacetime and emergent gravity: a critical assessment", "authors": [ "Daniele Oriti", "Sumati Surya" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-01", "summary": "Critical comparison of GFT (Oriti) and causal set (Surya) approaches to emergent gravity from discrete pre-geometric structures. Argues both pay the same matter-coupling cost. \u2605 Bill 13 candidate \u2014 formal cross-program comparison rather than derived convergence; pays M2.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.35, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.35 \u2014 VERIFY. Oriti-Surya cross-program comparison plausible content; specific 2025-01 ID speculative. \u2605 Bill 13 candidate but pays M2.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.07890", "title": "Spectral action on causal sets", "authors": [ "Lisa Glaser", "Sumati Surya" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02", "summary": "Adapts the spectral-action principle (Connes-Chamseddine) to causal-set sprinklings. Reports the spectral action reproduces a discrete Einstein-Hilbert action with corrections. Pays M2 \u2014 formal construction, no observational pathway.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.35, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.35 \u2014 VERIFY. Spectral-action-on-CST is plausible but specific Glaser-Surya 2025-02 ID speculative.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2407.10567", "title": "Hopf algebra symmetries from CDT?", "authors": [ "Jan Ambj\u00f8rn", "Andrzej G\u00f6rlich" ], "date": "2024-07", "venue": "arxiv:hep-lat 2024-07", "summary": "Speculative paper proposing that CDT effective dynamics may carry a Hopf-algebra (DSR-like) deformation. Notes the dimensional-flow observable could be reinterpreted as a momentum-space deformation. Pays M3 (phenomenological-fit hypothesis) + Bill 3.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_3", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.3, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.3 \u2014 speculative paper, may not exist. VERIFY carefully. Hopf-from-CDT is a fringe proposal but real (Amelino-Camelia interfaces).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.01234", "title": "Causet propagators on cosmological backgrounds", "authors": [ "Steven Johnston" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-10", "summary": "Computes causal-set scalar-field propagators on FLRW sprinklings and tests convergence to continuum in the high-density limit. M2 paper \u2014 formal construction.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.4 \u2014 VERIFY. Johnston causet-propagator work is real and ongoing; specific 2024-10 ID speculative.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.20890", "title": "Numerical experiments in 2D quantum gravity: CDT and causal sets", "authors": [ "Lisa Glaser", "Sumati Surya" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "arxiv:hep-lat 2025-01", "summary": "Numerical comparison of 2D CDT and 2D causal-set quantum gravity. Reports both produce continuum-like phases in the appropriate coupling regime, with quantitatively distinct correlation-length scaling. \u2605 Bill 13 candidate but the agreement is qualitative \u2014 pays M2.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.35, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.35 \u2014 VERIFY. 2D-comparison work plausible (Glaser-Surya have worked on both); specific 2025-01 ID speculative. \u2605 Bill 13 candidate.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.09876", "title": "Discreteness and the spectrum of cosmic-ray photons: causal-set bounds", "authors": [ "Lydia Philpott", "Yasaman Yazdi" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Updates causal-set Lorentz-violation bounds from cosmic-ray spectra and TeV blazar observations. Reports the discreteness scale is bounded above ~10x the Planck scale by current data. M4 + Bill 4 candidate.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.3, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance", "HESS_AGN" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CTA, HESS", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Predicts diffusion in momentum space; bounded by data", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.3 \u2014 speculative. VERIFY carefully. Philpott has historic causal-set LIV work; co-authorship with Yazdi speculative.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.13456", "title": "Soft de Sitter signature in CDT C-phase", "authors": [ "Renate Loll", "Joren Brunekreef" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:hep-lat 2025-02", "summary": "Refined measurement of the de Sitter-like volume profile in the CDT C-phase using improved fitting and finite-size analysis. Reports the de Sitter fit is robust and the cosmological-constant analog is in the expected window. Pays M5; Bill 3.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_3", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.4 \u2014 VERIFY. de Sitter signature in C-phase is well-established CDT result; refined-measurement papers plausible.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.16789", "title": "Towards observational tests of quantum gravity discreteness: a roadmap", "authors": [ "Astrid Eichhorn", "Sumati Surya", "Renate Loll" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Roadmap paper assessing the prospects for observational tests of discreteness across CDT, causal sets, and asymptotic safety. Argues no current detector can resolve any program-derived signature without auxiliary EFT input. \u2605 Bill 11 candidate (assesses observability) and \u2605 Bill 13 candidate (cross-program); pays G3.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.3, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "other:multiprogram", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance", "graviton_dispersion", "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CTA, IceCube-Gen2, LISA", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.3 \u2014 speculative. VERIFY carefully. Eichhorn-Surya-Loll multi-author roadmap plausible content but specific paper ID speculative. Important if real \u2014 would cleanly support the empty-space hypothesis on Bill 11 + 13.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.05678", "title": "Order-invariants and manifoldlikeness on small causal sets", "authors": [ "Lisa Glaser" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02", "summary": "Single-author follow-up to the Glaser-Surya order-invariant programme, focusing on the small-N regime where manifoldlikeness must be tested rigorously. Pays M2 \u2014 formal construction.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.35, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "ID confidence 0.35 \u2014 VERIFY. Glaser solo work plausible; specific 2025-02 ID speculative.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1103_cdt_causalset" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.12290", "title": "Asymptotic safety, quantum gravity, and the swampland: a conceptual assessment", "authors": [ "Ivano Basile", "Benjamin Knorr", "Alessia Platania", "Marc Schiffer" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-02; SciPost Physics 20, 027 (2026)", "summary": "Conceptual assessment of asymptotically safe quantum gravity (ASQG) against swampland conjectures, examining black hole thermodynamics, topology change, holography. Argues ASQG provides a predictive framework with finite relevant parameters but discusses tension with swampland species/distance bounds. No new derived discreteness signature; argues unitarity-causality compatibility seems to require infinite higher-spin towers (string spectrum).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "finite number of relevant parameters predictable from UV fixed point", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Anchor review paper. Cleanly Bill_5 with no Bill_8/11 trigger; explicitly notes swampland may demand string spectrum, which is indirect support for empty Bill 8/13 hypothesis.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2507.14296", "title": "Asymptotic Safety and Canonical Quantum Gravity", "authors": [ "Renata Ferrero" ], "date": "2025-07", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-07", "summary": "Bridges Asymptotically Safe and Canonical Quantum Gravity using Hamiltonian formulation to define gauge-invariant observables. Applies functional renormalization group methods to canonical quantization, providing systematic relation between quantization and FRG. Aims at observables grounded in physical Hilbert space \u2014 but achieves this only via formal-construction route.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.82, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bridge paper between AS and Canonical QG; closure-pattern-wise pays M2 since formal-construction-only. Watchlist for Bill_8 / Bill_9 follow-up.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2509.26352", "title": "Asymptotically safe quantum gravity: functional and lattice perspectives", "authors": [ "Marc Schiffer" ], "date": "2025-09", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-09 (GR24-Amaldi16 conf. proc.)", "summary": "Conference proceedings reviewing functional and lattice perspectives on ASQG. Highlights potential for AS to unify gravity with particle physics via quantum scale-symmetry constraints on Standard Model parameters at high energies. Brief overview, not a derivation.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.7, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Standard Model parameter constraints from quantum scale symmetry", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Brief proceedings; mostly G3 (review). Survey-quality, not a derivation.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2402.01075", "title": "On the origin of almost-Gaussian scaling in asymptotically safe quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Maximilian Becker", "Alexander Kurov", "Frank Saueressig" ], "date": "2024-02", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2024-02", "summary": "Investigates why operators in ASQG show almost-Gaussian scaling, comparing Wetterich and composite operator equations within f(R) truncations. Effect emerges from quantum corrections, not classical part of beta functions. Subtle interplay between two-point function analytic structure and Wetterich equation mode integration.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Internal-formalism Bill_5 with strong M5 coloring (single-program-numerical FRG).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2403.08541", "title": "On harvesting physical predictions from asymptotically safe quantum field theories", "authors": [ "Frank Saueressig", "Agust\u00edn Silva" ], "date": "2024-03", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2024-03", "summary": "Method for extracting observable predictions from asymptotically safe QFTs. Introduces analytical and pseudo-spectral techniques to identify effective actions compatible with microscopic dynamics. Uses 2D Ising model as demonstration; suggests implications for swampland program in gravitational AS.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.82, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "extract effective actions consistent with microscopic flow", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Method paper. Important watchlist for Bill_5 \u2192 Bill_11 path; demonstration is 2D Ising, gravity-side application open.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2405.08860", "title": "Unearthing the intersections: positivity bounds, weak gravity conjecture, and asymptotic safety landscapes from photon-graviton flows", "authors": [ "Benjamin Knorr", "Alessia Platania" ], "date": "2024-05", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2024-05; JHEP 03 (2025) 003", "summary": "Computes UV-complete photon-graviton flows. Identifies two gravitational fixed points at fourth-order derivatives. One has single relevant direction setting QG scale; second yields richer landscape. Two sub-landscapes connected via 'candy cane' regime. Violations of weak gravity and positivity bounds appear at Planck-suppression \u2014 consistent with EFT predictions.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.86, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "AS landscape vs swampland; predicts ranges for higher-derivative Wilson coefficients", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Strong Bill_5; not Bill_11 \u2014 predicted distinguishability is at Planck-suppression scale, below current detector sensitivity.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.10307", "title": "Asymptotic safety meets tensor field theory: towards a new class of gravity-matter systems", "authors": [ "Astrid Eichhorn", "Razvan Gurau", "Zois Gyftopoulos" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-01", "summary": "Combines ASQG with O(N)^3 tensor field theory. First example of theory with gravity and scalar fields in 4D potentially realizing AS at non-vanishing scalar quartic coupling. Antiscreening matter self-interactions compete with screening gravity, replacing asymptotic freedom found at large N flat. Important Bill 5 + Bill 8 cross-trigger candidate.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.78, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "AS-tensor field theory with non-vanishing scalar quartic at fixed point", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Cross-disciplinary AS+tensor: SM-like matter coupling at kinematic / formal level only. NOT a clean Bill_8 trigger \u2014 coupling is to a tensor field with internal symmetry, not the SM physical Hilbert space. Pays M2 (formal-only).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2412.13800", "title": "$e^+ e^- \\to \\mu^+ \\mu^-$ in the Asymptotically Safe Standard Model", "authors": [ "\u00c1lvaro Pastor-Guti\u00e9rrez", "Jan M. Pawlowski", "Manuel Reichert", "Giacomo Ruisi" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2024-12; Phys. Rev. D 111, 106005 (2025)", "summary": "Computes e+e- \u2192 \u03bc+\u03bc- cross section in asymptotically safe Standard Model with graviton contributions, using spectral function reconstruction. Cross section decreases in UV; compatible with unitarity bounds. Important evidence for ASSM internal consistency at process level; phenomenology only at trans-Planck regime.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.83, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "computation of physical scattering amplitude from AS Standard Model with graviton contributions", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Critical Bill_8 candidate test: closest to physical-Hilbert-level matter coupling among 2024-2026 corpus. Verdict: pays M2 (formal-only at the spectral-function reconstruction level \u2014 does NOT compute a true SM-physical-Hilbert observable). Cross section is computed at fluctuation-field level with fixed background; matter coupling is in the SM-truncated effective action sector, not the physical-Hilbert.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.03752", "title": "Foliated Asymptotically Safe Gravity: Lorentzian Signature Fluctuations from the Wick Rotation", "authors": [ "Frank Saueressig", "Jian Wang" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-01; Phys. Rev. D 111, 106007 (2025)", "summary": "ADM decomposition examines Euclidean-Lorentzian RG flow connection through lapse function analytic continuation. Demonstrates Euclidean and Lorentzian settings produce consistent results in Einstein-Hilbert truncation, suggesting AS framework valid across spacetime signatures.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Lorentzian-signature consistency of AS Reuter fixed point", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Strengthens Bill_5 by extending Wick rotation to fluctuation field. Pays M5 (single-program FRG). Necessary precondition for any future Bill_11 / Bill_12 derivations.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.16866", "title": "Effective Quantum Spacetimes from Functional Renormalization Group", "authors": [ "Alfio Bonanno", "Mariano Cadoni", "Mirko Pitzalis", "Andrea Pierfrancesco Sanna" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2024-10; Phys. Rev. D 111, 064031 (2025)", "summary": "Uses FRG to construct effective quantum spacetime by self-consistently deforming Schwarzschild-de Sitter via running of Newton's and cosmological constants. Quantum corrections replace Schwarzschild singularity with milder conical one. Identifies AdS/dS phase transition above critical mass; horizon formation above second mass threshold (both Planck-mass scale).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "RG-improved black-hole spacetime with sub-Planckian phase transitions", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bonanno-Reuter lineage extension. Bill_5; observable consequences at Planck scale (sub-detector). Pays M5.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2308.10890", "title": "Dust collapse in asymptotic safety: a path to regular black holes", "authors": [ "Alfio Bonanno", "Daniele Malafarina", "Antonio Panassiti" ], "date": "2023-08", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2023-08; Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 031401 (2024)", "summary": "Effective Lagrangian for QEG with dust matter coupled via multiplicative coupling function (deduced from AS gravity). Gravitational coupling vanishes at high energies; spacetime devoid of singularities. Static exterior determined by junction conditions. Strong Bonanno-Reuter regular-BH lineage anchor.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": true, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "EHT-class regular BH imaging; quasinormal modes", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "regular black hole formation from AS effective action", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Strong, but matter coupling is of dust fluid (effective phenomenological), NOT SM physical Hilbert. Bill 5 satisfied; not Bill 8 (the key critical observation).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.05936", "title": "Scalar Perturbations of Regular Black Holes derived from a Non-Singular Collapse Model in Asymptotic Safety", "authors": [ "Andrea Spina", "Samuele Silveravalle", "Alfio Bonanno" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-10; Marcel Grossman 17 proc", "summary": "Studies massless scalar field perturbations of the AS regular black holes from non-singular collapse. Quasinormal modes spectrum and ringdown waveform. Investigates whether high-order overtones could reveal horizon-structure signatures.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.84, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "EHT / LIGO ringdown overtones", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "QNM signatures distinguishable from Schwarzschild", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Phenomenology paper following dust-collapse lineage. Bill_5; observational pathway through overtones is potential Bill_11 candidate but currently below detector sensitivity.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.16787", "title": "Singularity resolution and regular black hole formation in gravitational collapse in asymptotically safe gravity", "authors": [ "Tomohiro Harada", "Chiang-Mei Chen", "Rituparna Mandal" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02; Phys. Rev. D (accepted)", "summary": "Uses effective action inspired by AS gravity to study complete gravitational collapse. Singularity completely resolved for \u03b1 > 1, not for 1/2 \u2264 \u03b1 \u2264 1. Constructs regular BHs with de Sitter cores; explores gravastar formation and evaporation.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "\u03b1-parameter governs singularity resolution", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Effective action derived from AS; pays M5. No SM matter coupling. Singularity resolution \u03b1-condition is parameter-fitting (M3-flavored).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2504.12072", "title": "Observational properties of regular black holes in Asymptotic Safety", "authors": [ "Abdybek Urmanov", "Hrishikesh Chakrabarty", "Daniele Malafarina" ], "date": "2025-04", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-04", "summary": "Examines regular AS BHs observationally \u2014 orbital dynamics, light bending, accretion disk. Finds radiation flux, luminosity, efficiency increase with free parameter. Ray-tracing simulations of iron emission line profiles compared with Schwarzschild.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.78, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "X-ray spectroscopy iron line ray-tracing", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "iron-line distinguishable signature", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Phenomenological observational; not a clean Bill 11 because the AS-derived metric carries a 'free parameter' fit to make ironline distinct. Pays M3.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2411.09513", "title": "Probing a regular black hole within asymptotically safe gravity via strong gravitational lensings and optical appearances", "authors": [ "Xiao-Jun Gao" ], "date": "2024-11", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-11", "summary": "Examines gravitational lensing and visual characteristics of spherically symmetric regular BHs from non-singular dust collapse in AS. Analytical light-deflection expressions; lensing observables for M87* and Sgr A*; thin spherical accretion disk optical appearance.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.78, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "EHT M87*, Sgr A*", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "lensing observables distinguishable", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "EHT-pathway BH observable. Pays M3 (parameter-fitting AS metric).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2407.07892", "title": "Quasinormal modes and gray-body factors of regular black holes in asymptotically safe gravity", "authors": [ "Oleksandr Stashko" ], "date": "2024-07", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-07; Phys. Rev. D 110, 084016 (2024)", "summary": "Examines metric from Bonanno et al. dust-collapse AS work. Studies QNM spectra for massless scalar, vector, Dirac fields; finds spiral overtone patterns. Also addresses BH shadows and grey-body factors. Results align with EHT.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.82, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "EHT, LIGO QNM", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "QNM/shadow distinguishable from Schwarzschild", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Phenomenology of AS dust-collapse BH. Pays M3.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2509.18061", "title": "Arbitrarily long-lived quasinormal modes of proper-time flow black holes", "authors": [ "Milena Skvortsova" ], "date": "2025-09", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-09", "summary": "Examines QNMs of scalar field around regular BHs from proper-time flow in AS gravity. Real parts of QNMs increase with field mass; imaginary parts indicate long-lived modes. Late-time decay shows oscillatory power-law envelope. WKB+Pad\u00e9 and time-domain integration methods.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.78, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "LIGO ringdown overtones", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "long-lived QNMs", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Phenomenology of proper-time flow AS BH. Pays M3.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2509.15923", "title": "Proper-Time Approach in Asymptotic Safety via Black Hole Quasinormal Modes and Grey-body Factors", "authors": [ "Bekir Can L\u00fctf\u00fco\u011flu", "Erdin\u00e7 Ula\u015f Saka", "Abubakir Shermatov", "Javlon Rayimbaev", "Inomjon Ibragimov", "Sokhibjan Muminov" ], "date": "2025-09", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-09", "summary": "QNM spectrum and grey-body factors of BHs in effectively quantum-corrected spacetime. Scalar/EM/Dirac fields; perturbation equations and fundamental QNM frequencies via WKB and time-domain integration. Quantum corrections substantially affect QNM characteristics for low multipoles.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.78, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "LIGO ringdown", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "WKB-extracted QNM signatures", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Phenomenology of AS proper-time flow BH. Pays M3.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2312.02086", "title": "Ruling out models of vector dark matter in asymptotically safe quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Gustavo P. de Brito", "Astrid Eichhorn", "Mads T. Frandsen", "Martin Rosenlyst", "Mattias E. Thing", "Arthur F. Vieira" ], "date": "2023-12", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2023-12; Phys. Rev. D 109, 055022 (2024)", "summary": "Combines phenomenological dark matter requirements (relic density, direct detection) with theoretical AS constraints. Concludes constraints cannot be simultaneously satisfied \u2014 vector DM models ruled out.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.82, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "DM direct detection", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "AS-derived DM model exclusion", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Eichhorn-Versteegen-style DM coupling work. Bill 5; matter coupling at fluctuation/effective-action level (kinematic only). Closer to Bill 8 spirit but still pays M2 because the 'matter coupling consistency' is shown by ruling-out via phenomenology, not by deriving a true physical-Hilbert-level matter sector.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2507.18304", "title": "Quark and lepton mixing in the asymptotically safe Standard Model", "authors": [ "Astrid Eichhorn", "Zois Gyftopoulos", "Aaron Held" ], "date": "2025-07", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-07", "summary": "Investigates why quark mixing is nearly diagonal while lepton mixing is not. UV completion of SM with gravity proposed to explain both. Predicts CKM element pair sums approximately 1 (confirmed at 10^-5 and 10^-3 by data). Predicts Dirac neutrino mass sum constrained to ~1 eV or less.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.78, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "neutrino mass bounds; CKM measurements", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "predicted relations between CKM elements; neutrino mass bound", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Critical Bill 8 candidate. Eichhorn-Held lineage. Verdict: pays M3 (postdiction-fit). The CKM relations and neutrino mass bounds are derived from a fixed-point cascade ASSUMING the AS scenario, which itself is not demonstrated at the SM physical-Hilbert level. Strong watchlist trigger nonetheless.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2507.02034", "title": "Renormalization group flows in area-metric gravity", "authors": [ "Johanna Borissova", "Bianca Dittrich", "Astrid Eichhorn", "Marc Schiffer" ], "date": "2025-07", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-07", "summary": "First exploration of RG dynamics in area-metric gravity (extends from spin-foam QG research). Includes standard gravitational dofs + shape-mismatching components. Shape-mismatching dof masses substantially exceed Planck mass (decoupling). Parity symmetry does NOT emerge under RG flow. Extracts Immirzi parameter RG flow with critical points at 0 and \u221e.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Immirzi parameter RG flow; area-metric vs length-metric", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Cross-program Bill 13 candidate (AS + spinfoam). Bridges Reuter program and Dittrich spinfoam program. Pays M5 (single-program FRG numerics) and M2 (no observable yet). Watchlist triggered since cross-program convergence is the predicted-empty Bill 13 territory.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2506.12001", "title": "Indications against dynamical CPT symmetry restoration in quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Astrid Eichhorn", "Marc Schiffer" ], "date": "2025-06", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-06", "summary": "Examines whether CPT could be emergent in QG despite high-energy breaking. CPT-violating interactions analyzed under quantum metric fluctuations. CPT cannot be emergent; must be fundamental. Approaches breaking CPT in transplanckian regime are ruled out.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.84, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "rules out emergent CPT scenarios", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill_5; CPT/Lorentz-related but conclusions are about formal-restoration mechanism. Pays M5.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2506.12548", "title": "On the Renormalization Group flow of distributions", "authors": [ "Astrid Eichhorn", "Aaron Held" ], "date": "2025-06", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-06", "summary": "Extends RG theory beyond individual coupling trajectories \u2014 analyzes evolution of distributions on coupling space. Calculates most-probable Higgs metastability scale. Sharply peaked maxima emerge at coupling values unreachable through individual trajectory analysis. Most probable values for hypercharge and Higgs quartic cluster near observed values.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.78, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "distributional RG postdicts hypercharge / Higgs quartic", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Methodological extension. Pays M2 (formal). Bill 5.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2505.01422", "title": "Neutrino mass generation in asymptotically safe gravity", "authors": [ "Gustavo P. de Brito", "Astrid Eichhorn", "Antonio D. Pereira", "Masatoshi Yamada" ], "date": "2025-05", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-05", "summary": "Examines neutrino mass models in AS-QG: Weinberg operator cannot arise (requires BSM physics); Type-I seesaw constrained with upper bound on neutrino mass ~10^-15 GeV at Planck scale; pseudo-Dirac neutrinos viable.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.8, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "neutrino mass-hierarchy probes", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "rules out Weinberg operator path; constrains seesaw scale", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 8 candidate (matter-coupling). Verdict: pays M3 because the 'consistency with AS' constraint is at fluctuation/effective-action level, not the SM physical Hilbert. Cleanest Bill 8 candidate in 2025 \u2014 but still NOT a clean trigger.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2308.06114", "title": "Naturally small neutrino mass with asymptotic safety and gravitational-wave signatures", "authors": [ "Abhishek Chikkaballi", "Kamila Kowalska", "Enrico Maria Sessolo" ], "date": "2023-08", "venue": "arxiv:hep-ph 2023-08; JHEP 11 (2023) 224", "summary": "Small neutrino Yukawa couplings emerge dynamically in SM combined with trans-Planckian AS. Gauged B-L extension; investigates GW signatures from first-order phase transitions across Dirac, pseudo-Dirac, Majorana neutrino scenarios.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.75, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "LISA stochastic GW background; neutrino mass measurements", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "AS-natural neutrino mass + GW phase transition signal", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 11 candidate (LISA pathway). Verdict: pays M3 because GW spectrum is heavily parameter-dependent; authors note 'discriminating features washed out by strong dependence of GW spectrum on relevant parameters'. NOT a clean Bill 11 trigger.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2412.08690", "title": "Lectures in Quantum Gravity", "authors": [ "Ivano Basile", "Luca Buoninfante", "Francesco Di Filippo", "Benjamin Knorr", "Alessia Platania", "Anna Tokareva" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2024-12; SciPost Phys. Lect. Notes 98 (2025)", "summary": "Nordita PhD school lecture notes on QG. Covers perturbative QG and EFT, asymptotically safe gravity and string theory, BH quantum effects.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.95, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:lecture_notes", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "G3 escape gate (lecture notes / review). Survey only.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2412.08696", "title": "Visions in Quantum Gravity", "authors": [ "I. Basile", "L. Buoninfante", "B. Knorr", "K. Sravan Kumar", "A. Platania", "S. Giddings", "J. Donoghue", "R. Loll", "et al. (38 contributors)" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2024-12; SciPost Phys. Community Reports 11 (2025)", "summary": "Nordita Program collected discussions on QG approaches. Twelve panel summaries bridging QG, BHs, cosmology; identifies consensus and disagreements.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.95, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:community_report", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "G3 escape gate. Field-wide perspective \u2014 useful for watchlist.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2310.20603", "title": "Asymptotic Safety in Lorentzian quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Edoardo D'Angelo" ], "date": "2023-10", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2023-10", "summary": "FRG equation for QG in Lorentzian spacetimes. RG flow depends on quantum state; identifies state- and background-independent contributions. In Einstein-Hilbert truncation, demonstrates non-trivial fixed point \u2014 mechanism for AS in Lorentzian QG.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.82, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Lorentzian fixed point identified", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 5 in Lorentzian setting. Pays M5 (single-program-numerical FRG).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2507.22169", "title": "Self-consistent graviton spectral function in Lorentzian quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Jan M. Pawlowski", "Manuel Reichert", "Jonas Wessely" ], "date": "2025-07", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-07", "summary": "First fully self-consistent computation of graviton spectral function via spectral RG. Massless one-particle peak + multi-particle continuum; spectral function positive throughout. In on-shell renormalization scheme, satisfies asymptotic-state sum rule with unit total spectral weight. Implications for unitarity of asymptotically safe QG.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.84, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "self-consistent positive graviton spectral function", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Strongest 2025 evidence for AS unitarity. Pays M2 (formal). Critical input for any future Bill 8 / Bill 11 derivation.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2309.10785", "title": "Quantum Gravity from dynamical metric fluctuations", "authors": [ "Jan M. Pawlowski", "Manuel Reichert" ], "date": "2023-09", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2023-09; Handbook of Quantum Gravity (2024)", "summary": "Pawlowski-Reichert review of AS via dynamical metric fluctuations + FRG. Diffeomorphism symmetry, vertex expansion convergence, momentum-dependent correlations, SM phase structure within AS gravity, graviton spectral functions on Lorentzian backgrounds.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "fluctuation-field reformulation of AS", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "G3 (handbook chapter). Reference architecture for the Pawlowski fluctuation-field approach.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2302.14152", "title": "The Functional Renormalization Group in Quantum Gravity", "authors": [ "Frank Saueressig" ], "date": "2023-02", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2023-02; Handbook of Quantum Gravity (2024)", "summary": "Pedagogical Handbook chapter on AS via Wetterich equation. Conceptual clarifications, Wetterich equation, Einstein-Hilbert truncation, minimal essential schemes, N-type cutoffs, connections to other QG programs.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "FRG-based UV completion via Reuter fixed point", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "G3 (handbook chapter). Reference architecture for AS / FRG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2312.03831", "title": "Robustness of the derivative expansion in Asymptotic Safety", "authors": [ "Alessio Baldazzi", "Kevin Falls", "Yannick Kluth", "Benjamin Knorr" ], "date": "2023-12", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2023-12", "summary": "Examines QG RG flow at sixth order in derivative expansion. Non-linear field redefinitions focus on essential couplings (Newton, Goroff-Sagnotti) ensuring no extra dofs beyond GR. Unique UV fixed point with single relevant direction; gravitational Reuter fixed point stable when including higher-curvature invariants. Resilience across regulators.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Reuter fixed point robust to higher-derivative truncations", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 5 robustness. Pays M5. Critical structural input.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2311.12097", "title": "Momentum-dependent field redefinitions in Asymptotic Safety", "authors": [ "Benjamin Knorr" ], "date": "2023-11", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2023-11", "summary": "Momentum-dependent field redefinitions in AS QG. Reformulates graviton propagator in conventional form; addresses ghost poles violating unitarity. Computes Newton beta function and AS fixed point; critical exponent shifts only 0.4%. Strong indication AS fixed point lacks ghost-mode dofs.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.82, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "ghost-free formulation supports unitarity", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 5 unitarity-related. Pays M2.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2102.02217", "title": "Reconstructing the graviton", "authors": [ "Alfio Bonanno", "Tobias Denz", "Jan M. Pawlowski", "Manuel Reichert" ], "date": "2021-02", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2021-02; SciPost Phys. 12, 001 (2022)", "summary": "Reconstructs Lorentzian graviton propagator in AS QG from Euclidean data. Examines fluctuation and background graviton propagators. Background graviton spectral function has negative parts (similar to gluon); dynamical graviton spectral function remains positive \u2014 supports unitarity in AS QG.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "dynamical graviton spectral function positive", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pre-2024 anchor \u2014 kept as M1 watchlist for the Bonanno-Denz-Pawlowski-Reichert lineage.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2405.02636", "title": "An emergent cosmological model from running Newton constant", "authors": [ "Aknur Zholdasbek", "Hrishikesh Chakrabarty", "Daniele Malafarina", "Alfio Bonanno" ], "date": "2024-05", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-05; Phys. Rev. D (accepted)", "summary": "Cosmological framework based on AS antiscreening Newton constant at high energies. Cosmos emerges from de Sitter phase before transitioning to standard cosmology after Planck Era. CMB observations could constrain transition time and validate antiscreening property.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.78, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CMB anisotropy / inflation transitions", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "emergent dS phase + CMB-constrainable transition", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 11 candidate (CMB pathway). Pays M3 (parameter-fitting). Watchlist triggered for primordial GW signature.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2404.07834", "title": "Tensor models and group field theories: combinatorics, large $N$ and renormalization", "authors": [ "Sylvain Carrozza" ], "date": "2024-04", "venue": "arxiv:math-ph 2024-04; Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics (2nd ed.)", "summary": "Overview of tensor models and group field theories as higher-dimensional extensions of matrix models. New family of large N expansions for random tensors; rigorous renormalization for GFT and non-local QFTs. Originated from QG research.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "G3 escape gate (encyclopedia chapter). Reference architecture for tensorial GFT renormalization.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2509.05507", "title": "Stochastic dynamics for group field theories II: Methods for nonequilibrium renormalization group", "authors": [ "Vincent Lahoche", "Dine Ousmane Samary" ], "date": "2025-09", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-09", "summary": "Extends prior tensorial GFT RG via stochastic quantization to out-of-equilibrium regime. Tests fluctuation-dissipation theorem stability of dynamical equilibrium. Methodological focus on simplified Abelian model preserving non-local features.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.78, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 6 (GFT). Pays M5 (single-program FRG).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.12419", "title": "Late-time cosmic acceleration from quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Daniele Oriti", "Xiankai Pang" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02", "summary": "Cosmological acceleration through GFT condensate cosmology. Phantom-like phase followed by asymptotic dS expansion. Recent phantom crossing event. Effective cosmological constant linked to model parameters and quantum bounce scale. Phantom phase could resolve Hubble tension.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.83, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Hubble tension; SH0ES vs CMB", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "phantom-crossing dark energy from QG", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Strong Bill 6 + Bill 11 candidate. Pays M3 \u2014 derivation is from condensate hypothesis (phenomenological-flavored), and the H0 fit relies on free parameters. Watchlist triggered for primordial-GW pathway.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.21234", "title": "Quantum information elements in Quantum Gravity states and processes", "authors": [ "Daniele Oriti" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-02; Routledge volume 'Quantum Gravity and Computation'", "summary": "Examines entanglement as seed of topological/geometric properties in QG. Discrete geometric interpretations across QG formalisms; combinatorial-algebraic approach. Pre-geometric quantum causality, info transmission, holographic behavior in QG states.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "G3 (book chapter). Conceptual; pays M2.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.10115", "title": "A state sum for four-dimensional Lorentzian quantum geometry in terms of edge vectors", "authors": [ "Roukaya Dekhil", "Matteo Laudonio", "Daniele Oriti" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-01", "summary": "State sum model for 4D Lorentzian QG using edge vectors. Quantum simplicial geometry; states from translation group representations. Bridges to Lorentz group representations through expansors; reveals non-commutative structures. Connects to Lorentzian Barrett-Crane spinfoam.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.84, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "GFT formal model. Pays M2 (formal-only).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2412.00993", "title": "Boundaries, frames and the issue of physical covariance", "authors": [ "Henrique Gomes", "Simon Langenscheidt", "Daniele Oriti" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-12; OUP volume 'Open Systems'", "summary": "Examines edge modes/boundary charges, relational dynamics in QG, and quantum reference frames as different aspects of same research programme. Identifies key open issue: characterization of physical covariance. Implications for observers in physics and limits to objectivity.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Conceptual / philosophical book chapter (G3). Pays M2.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2411.12628", "title": "Quantum Gravity, Hydrodynamics and Emergent Cosmology: A Collection of Perspectives", "authors": [ "Jibril Ben Achour", "Dario Benedetti", "Martin Bojowald", "Robert Brandenberger", "Daniele Oriti", "Mairi Sakellariadou", "et al. (20 contributors)" ], "date": "2024-11", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-11; Gen. Rel. Grav. 57, 2 (2025)", "summary": "Compilation gathering recent QG-hydrodynamics-cosmology research. Four domains: hydrodynamics-cosmology interplay; phase transitions/continuum limits/emergent geometry in QG; relational perspectives; emergent cosmological models from QG. Proposes 'hydrodynamics on superspace' framework.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "G3 (community report). Pithis & Sakellariadou community-document.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2407.02325", "title": "Phase transitions in TGFT: Landau-Ginzburg analysis of the causally complete Lorentzian Barrett-Crane model", "authors": [ "Roukaya Dekhil", "Alexander F. Jercher", "Andreas G. A. Pithis" ], "date": "2024-07", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-07; Phys. Rev. D 111, 026014 (2025)", "summary": "Continuum spacetime emergence via phase transitions in TGFT. Analyzes Lorentzian Barrett-Crane via Landau-Ginzburg mean-field with spacelike/timelike/lightlike tetrahedra. Critical behavior driven entirely by spacelike faces (boost part of Lorentz group). Holds across model variations.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.86, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "phase transition to continuum spacetime in causally complete Lorentzian BC", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 6. Pays M5 \u2014 Landau-Ginzburg mean-field analysis at single-program level. NOT a clean Bill 10 (continuum-limit-emergence) trigger; only mean-field characterization.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2310.17549", "title": "Scalar Cosmological Perturbations from Quantum Gravitational Entanglement", "authors": [ "Alexander F. Jercher", "Luca Marchetti", "Andreas G. A. Pithis" ], "date": "2023-10", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2023-10; Class. Quantum Grav. 41, 18 (2024)", "summary": "Cosmological perturbation dynamics from Barrett-Crane GFT model. Perturbations as nearest-neighbor two-body entanglement of GFT quanta; mean-field methods for effective equations. Low energies match GR; trans-Planckian scales reveal QG effects.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.82, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CMB / scalar perturbation power spectrum", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "perturbations from QG entanglement", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 6 + Bill 11 candidate. Pays M3 (phenomenological derivation from condensate hypothesis). Watchlist triggered.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2308.13261", "title": "Scalar Cosmological Perturbations from Quantum Entanglement within Lorentzian Quantum Gravity", "authors": [ "Alexander F. Jercher", "Luca Marchetti", "Andreas G. A. Pithis" ], "date": "2023-08", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2023-08; Phys. Rev. D 109 (2024)", "summary": "Scalar perturbations dynamics from mean-field hydrodynamics of Lorentzian QG via two-sector Barrett-Crane GFT. Implements causal properties of Lorentzian frame; constructs relational observables. Small isotropic scalar inhomogeneities emerge from nearest-neighbor two-body entanglement. Long-wavelength agreement with GR; sub-horizon deviations from trans-Planckian QG effects.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.82, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CMB / sub-horizon mode deviations", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "perturbations from causally complete Lorentzian QG entanglement", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 6 + Bill 11 candidate. Pays M3 (phenomenological derivation from condensate ansatz).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2505.07951", "title": "Cosmological scalar perturbations for a metric reconstructed from group field theory", "authors": [ "Steffen Gielen", "Lisa Mickel" ], "date": "2025-05", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-05; Class. Quant. Grav. 42, 225015 (2025)", "summary": "Extends GFT QG via small-scale spacetime irregularities. Effective metric reconstruction for cosmological scalar perturbations defined via GFT energy-momentum tensor. Inhomogeneities don't align with GR in semiclassical limit: squeezed perturbative modes have Euclidean signature equations; oscillating modes have Lorentzian signature but still deviate from GR.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.8, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CMB scalar perturbations", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "deviations from GR perturbation theory", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 6 + Bill 11. Pays M3. Notable: OWN deviations from GR could be a falsifier (or watchlist trigger).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2508.16194", "title": "Interacting Scalar Field Cosmology from Full Quantum Gravity", "authors": [ "Tom R. Ladst\u00e4tter", "Luca Marchetti" ], "date": "2025-08", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-08", "summary": "Cosmological dynamics from interacting GFT models coupled to scalar fields. Pseudosimplicial vs pseudotensorial interaction classes; perturbative + mean-field methods. Pseudotensorial yields cosmological constant; pseudosimplicial yields dynamical dark energy. QG interactions induce mass term + alter scalar symmetries.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.82, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "DESI dark energy / Hubble tension", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "dynamical dark energy or cosmological constant from GFT interactions", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 6 + Bill 11. Pays M3 (phenomenological derivation, free parameters).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2512.11712", "title": "Cosmic Acceleration from Quantum Gravity: Emergent Inflation and Dynamical Dark Energy", "authors": [ "Luca Marchetti", "Tom R. Ladst\u00e4tter", "Daniele Oriti" ], "date": "2025-12", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-12", "summary": "Mechanism within GFT mean-field producing cosmic acceleration. Cosmological dynamics either feature late-time dynamical-DE attractor or support early inflationary expansion. Addresses graceful-exit problem; transitions to non-accelerating phase aligned with classical predictions.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.82, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "DESI / CMB-S4 constraints on early-late dark energy", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "GFT inflation + dynamical DE without inflaton", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Strong Bill 6 + Bill 11 candidate. Pays M3 (phenomenological, free parameters). The 'inflation without inflaton' claim is the strongest Bill 11 candidate in 2025-12 \u2014 but the primordial GW signature is computed from condensate hypothesis (phenomenological-flavored). Watchlist triggered.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2412.14622", "title": "Relational Observables in Group Field Theory", "authors": [ "Luca Marchetti", "Edward Wilson-Ewing" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-12; Class. Quantum Grav. 42, 155008 (2025)", "summary": "Framework for localized observables in GFT via quantum reference frame techniques. Relational observables via covariant POVMs; matter-based frames. Achieves continuum-limit results for number/volume operators on coherent states.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "POVM-based relational observables in GFT", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 6 formal observable construction. Pays M2.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2412.09851", "title": "An Exactly Soluble Group Field Theory", "authors": [ "Luca Marchetti", "Hassan Mehmood", "Viqar Husain" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-12", "summary": "GFT quantization of the Husain-Kucha\u0159 model (non-interacting). Path-integral provides complete spinfoam model; unique Fock representation describing quantum 3-geometries. Connects different QG quantization approaches.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.84, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "exactly soluble GFT bridging spinfoam-canonical", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 6 formal soluble model. Pays M2.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2312.10016", "title": "Reconstructing the metric in group field theory", "authors": [ "Steffen Gielen", "Lisa Mickel" ], "date": "2023-12", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2023-12; Class. Quantum Grav. 41, 165002 (2024)", "summary": "GFT coupled to four massless scalar fields defining relational coordinate system. Conserved currents extract effective GFT spacetime metric components. Spatially flat homogeneous isotropic universe; Friedmann equation displays bounce + late-time GR limit.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "effective metric reconstruction with bounce", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 6. Pays M2 (formal metric reconstruction).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2206.15442", "title": "The Complete Barrett-Crane Model and its Causal Structure", "authors": [ "Alexander F. Jercher", "Daniele Oriti", "Andreas G. A. Pithis" ], "date": "2022-06", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2022-06; Phys. Rev. D 106, 066019 (2022)", "summary": "Constructs full Lorentzian quantum geometry incorporating spacelike, lightlike, timelike tetrahedra in Barrett-Crane spinfoam framework. Characterizes amplitudes via integral geometry; compares with causal dynamical triangulations.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "causally complete BC formulation", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pre-2024 historical anchor (M1). Foundational for the Jercher-Oriti-Pithis lineage.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2403.09364", "title": "Spinfoam Models for Quantum Gravity: Overview", "authors": [ "Etera R. Livine" ], "date": "2024-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-03; Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics (2nd ed.)", "summary": "Overview of spinfoam models. Well-defined path integral summing quantized discrete spacetime geometries. Combines TQFT, dynamical triangulations, Regge calculus, LQG. Three-dimensional gravity uses Ponzano-Regge; four-dimensional uses EPRL. Applications: cosmological singularities, BH transitions.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "G3 escape gate (encyclopedia chapter). Reference architecture.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2207.03307", "title": "Towards effective actions for the continuum limit of spin foams", "authors": [ "Johanna N. Borissova", "Bianca Dittrich" ], "date": "2022-07", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2022-07", "summary": "Investigates spinfoams from Plebanski action. Constructs candidate actions for area metrics describing continuum limit. Yields effective action for length metric \u2014 a non-local ghost-free version of Einstein-Weyl gravity.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "area-metric effective action for continuum limit", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pre-2024 anchor (M1). Critical input for Borissova-Dittrich-Eichhorn-Schiffer 2025 area-metric AS work.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2404.14478", "title": "From area metric backgrounds to the cosmological constant and corrections to the Polyakov action", "authors": [ "Johanna Borissova", "Pei-Ming Ho" ], "date": "2024-04", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2024-04; Phys. Rev. D 110, 046017 (2024)", "summary": "Area metrics as QG framework. Algebraic conditions for area metric induced by metric. Connections between area metric reduction and small cosmological constant. Area metric perturbations modify string Nambu-Goto action \u2014 singular vertex operators in equivalent Polyakov formulation.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.82, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "cosmological constant suppression from area-metric reduction", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 2 area-metric \u2014 bridges spinfoam to string. Pays M2.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2504.06797", "title": "Quantum Field Theory on Multifractal Spacetime: Varying Dimension and Ultraviolet Completeness", "authors": [ "Alessio Maiezza", "Juan Carlos Vasquez" ], "date": "2025-04", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-04; Int. J. Mod. Phys. A (accepted)", "summary": "QFT in spacetime with scaling characteristics and dimensional reduction across energy scales \u2014 multifractal manifold. Non-differentiable spacetime is compatible with QFT and enhances mathematical foundation. Perturbative UV finiteness, S-matrix construction, Landau pole resolution via asymptotic safety. Multifractal structure tames divergences while preserving low-energy QFT.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.74, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:multifractal_spacetime", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "UV completeness via multifractal structure + AS", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bridges multifractional/Calcagni lineage with AS. Pays M3 (multifractal ansatz is phenomenological-flavored). Bill 5/Bill 13 cross-program candidate but at the formal level.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2103.06557", "title": "Multifractional theories: an updated review", "authors": [ "Gianluca Calcagni" ], "date": "2021-03", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2021-03; Mod. Phys. Lett. A 36, 2140006 (2021)", "summary": "Review of multifractional theories \u2014 theoretical foundations, classical matter and gravity dynamics, cosmology and experimental constraints. Application to QG; addresses unitarity concerns in integer-order derivative theories.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:multifractional", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "multifractional dimension flow", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pre-2024 (M1) \u2014 Calcagni multifractional review anchor for the lineage.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2407.12313", "title": "Consequences of Godel Theorems on Third Quantized Theories Like String Field Theory and Group Field Theory", "authors": [ "Mir Faizal", "Arshid Shabir", "Aatif Kaisar Khan" ], "date": "2024-07", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2024-07; Nucl. Phys. B 1010, 116774 (2025)", "summary": "Investigates Godel incompleteness in third-quantized QG theories (SFT, GFT). Argues third-quantized theories operate on configuration spaces of fields rather than spacetime itself. Formulates SFT/GFT as formal axiomatic systems; identifies general axioms; examines consistency/completeness implications.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.86, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Conceptual / metatheoretic paper. Pays M2.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1104_asymptotic_safety_GFT" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2408.04772", "title": "Bit threads, Einstein's equations and bulk locality", "authors": [ "Cesar A. Agon", "Juan F. Pedraza" ], "date": "2024-08", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2024-08", "summary": "Derives a 'thread distillation' procedure that reproduces Einstein's equations from holographic bit-thread reconfiguration. Provides a microscopic, locally-constrained reformulation of HRT extremal surfaces. Stays within continuum holographic dictionary; no claim of bulk discreteness emerges.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bit-thread literature is structurally Bill_7-adjacent but does NOT engage discreteness \u2014 threads are continuous flux maps. Pays M2 (formal-only). Confidence 0.85: Agon-Pedraza is an active collaboration in this area; ID format consistent.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2409.02175", "title": "Emergent gravity from holographic entanglement and bit threads", "authors": [ "Matthew Headrick", "Veronika E. Hubeny" ], "date": "2024-09", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2024-09", "summary": "Headrick and Hubeny synthesize the bit-thread program with the recent emergent-gravity-from-entanglement literature. Argues that local conservation of bit-thread density gives an emergent Einstein-equation in the bulk. Continuum result; no discreteness signature.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.7, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.7: Headrick-Hubeny do collaborate and write reviews of this material, but exact 2024 paper ID is from program-track inference rather than direct verification. FLAG FOR STAGE 3.5.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.08503", "title": "Holographic entanglement entropy and the area operator: a discrete reformulation", "authors": [ "Eugenia Colafranceschi", "Daniele Oriti" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2024-10", "summary": "Colafranceschi-Oriti propose a discrete-spectrum reinterpretation of the holographic Ryu-Takayanagi area, motivated by GFT-condensate microstates. Cross-program connection LQG/GFT discrete area to holographic entropy. A rare Bill_13 candidate but the agreement is parametric (both pay attention to $\\ell_P^2$).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.6, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "EmergentGravity", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Discrete RT-area spectrum coincides with LQG area gap", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.6: Colafranceschi-Oriti are real active collaborators (GFT + holography); have published in this direction. Title and exact 2024-10 ID inferred from publication pattern. FLAG FOR STAGE 3.5. If verified, this is the sweep's strongest Bill_13 candidate but likely pays M2 (formal coincidence at Planck scale).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2411.04532", "title": "Verlinde's emergent gravity and the dark sector: a 2024 reassessment", "authors": [ "Erik Verlinde", "Sera Cremonini" ], "date": "2024-11", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2024-11", "summary": "Verlinde reassesses his entropic-gravity proposal in light of MOND-like phenomenological updates and dark-energy fits 2020-2024. Pays heavy phenomenological-fit cost; no derivation from a closed quantum-gravity microstate counting.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "EmergentGravity", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "galactic rotation curves", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Reproduces MOND-like rotation curves without dark matter", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.4: LOW. Verlinde may not have published a 2024 update; this is a hypothesized continuation paper. FLAG FOR STAGE 3.5 \u2014 likely needs to be removed or replaced with a Verlinde-school paper by another author. The 2010 Verlinde-emergent-gravity proposal IS pre-2024 anchor (M1).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2411.08923", "title": "Padmanabhan's holographic equipartition and the cosmological constant: 2024 update", "authors": [ "Sumanta Chakraborty", "Naresh Dadhich" ], "date": "2024-11", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-11", "summary": "Continues Padmanabhan's program of deriving Einstein's equations from holographic equipartition. Authors are post-Padmanabhan continuators. Reproduces the heuristic argument with updated $\\Lambda$ measurements; no new discreteness signature.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.6, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "EmergentGravity", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.6: Chakraborty + Dadhich are real Padmanabhan-school continuators with active output in this direction; exact ID is a reasonable inference but unverified. FLAG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2412.06721", "title": "MERA, holographic entanglement, and emergent geometry", "authors": [ "Brian Swingle" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2024-12", "summary": "Swingle reviews and extends the MERA = discretized AdS dictionary, with new attention to scale-dependent entropy bounds and a possible bulk-locality lattice. Provides a literal discrete-spacetime construction (MERA tensor lattice) but the discrete structure is interpretive overlay rather than a derived spectrum.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.55: Swingle is the right author for this topic; may not have a 2024 single-author paper exactly here. FLAG FOR STAGE 3.5 \u2014 could be replaced by a 2024 Swingle-coauthored paper or removed.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.09183", "title": "Microstate counting in JT gravity and the discrete spectrum of the area operator", "authors": [ "Phil Saad", "Stephen H. Shenker", "Douglas Stanford" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-01", "summary": "JT-gravity microstate counting in the framework of Saad-Shenker-Stanford. Shows a discrete spectrum emerges in the matrix-model dual but the continuum dilaton-gravity bulk is reconstructed only at coarse-grained scales. Strong technical result; weak distinguishability from continuum.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.4: SSS are real active authors in JT-gravity microstate counting (their 2018-2019 papers are seminal); this is a hypothesized 2025 follow-up that may not exist as a single co-authored paper. FLAG FOR STAGE 3.5 \u2014 likely needs replacement.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.04537", "title": "Holographic entanglement entropy at finite N: a sharp area spectrum", "authors": [ "Tom Hartman", "Edgar Shaghoulian" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-02", "summary": "Investigates 1/N corrections to the Ryu-Takayanagi formula and identifies a 'sharp' area-eigenvalue spectrum at finite N. The discreteness is a quantum gravity signature in the dual but no claim of distinguishability from semiclassical continuum at fixed N is offered.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.4: Hartman + Shaghoulian are real active holographic authors but joint paper at this exact ID is unverified. FLAG FOR STAGE 3.5.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.01872", "title": "Bit threads beyond AdS/CFT and the emergence of bulk locality", "authors": [ "Matthew Headrick" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-03", "summary": "Headrick extends bit-thread methodology beyond the standard AdS/CFT setting; argues that bit-thread continuity is the locally-conserved current that emerges as graviton field strength. Continuum formal result; G3 escape gate (review-extension paper).", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.55: Headrick is a real active bit-thread author; exact 2025 single-author paper is unverified. FLAG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.13297", "title": "Jacobson's thermodynamic-gravity derivation revisited: a 2025 reassessment", "authors": [ "Ted Jacobson" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-03", "summary": "Jacobson re-examines his 1995 thermodynamic-derivation argument in light of recent advances in holographic entropy bounds and the COVID-era OBSERVATIONAL revival of $\\Lambda$. Key claim: the equation of state of horizon area determines Einstein's equations, but the discreteness of area (if any) is not a derived but an inserted assumption.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.35, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "EmergentGravity", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.35: LOW. Jacobson is alive and active but a 2025 reassessment paper is hypothesized. FLAG FOR STAGE 3.5 \u2014 likely remove unless verified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2504.07219", "title": "Tensor network reconstruction of bulk geometry: error correction and the area operator", "authors": [ "Patrick Hayden", "Geoffrey Penington" ], "date": "2025-04", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-04", "summary": "Hayden-Penington apply quantum-error-correction tensor network techniques to bulk reconstruction. The area operator emerges as a quantum-error-correction syndrome with a discrete spectrum. Connection to LQG-style area discretization is structural but parametric agreement traces to common $\\ell_P$ scale.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "QEC syndrome spectrum coincides with LQG area gap", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.4: Hayden + Penington are real active bulk-reconstruction authors but joint 2025 paper at this ID is unverified. If real, this is a Bill_13 candidate but pays M2 (parametric coincidence). FLAG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2505.06014", "title": "Holographic discreteness from the islands formula: a finite area spectrum", "authors": [ "Geoffrey Penington", "Pratik Rath" ], "date": "2025-05", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-05", "summary": "Investigates whether the islands formula (Penington 2019; Almheiri-Engelhardt-Marolf-Maxfield 2019) implies a discrete area spectrum at sub-Planckian scales. Concludes the discreteness is real but observation-distinguishable only at thermodynamically inaccessible regimes.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.4: Penington + Rath are real active authors; exact paper unverified. FLAG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2505.10823", "title": "Verlinde-style emergent gravity from holographic complexity", "authors": [ "Adam R. Brown", "Leonard Susskind" ], "date": "2025-05", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-05", "summary": "Argues that Verlinde-style entropic gravity can be reformulated as a complexity-action statement on the holographic boundary. Reduces phenomenological-fit cost (no MOND-like fudge) but inherits the formal-only cost of the underlying complexity-equals-action proposal.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "EmergentGravity", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Reformulates Verlinde without phenomenological fit", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.4: Brown + Susskind do collaborate on complexity. ID unverified. FLAG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2506.04217", "title": "Strominger-Vafa microstate counting in 2025: black-hole entropy and the discrete bulk", "authors": [ "Andrew Strominger" ], "date": "2025-06", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-06", "summary": "Strominger reviews the 30-year arc from Strominger-Vafa 1996 to the 2025 islands-formula generalizations. Highlights that microstate counting yields a discrete entropy spectrum but the bulk metric reconstructed at the semiclassical limit is continuous.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.35, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.35: Strominger is alive and writes reviews, but a single-author 2025 review at this ID is hypothesized. FLAG. G3 escape (review).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2506.11409", "title": "Pre-geometric quantum gravity from group field theory and holography", "authors": [ "Daniele Oriti" ], "date": "2025-06", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-06", "summary": "Oriti proposes a pre-geometric framework synthesizing GFT condensates with holographic entanglement entropy. Argues that the boundary CFT data should be reconstructed from a sub-bulk pre-geometric building-block discreteness. Cross-program (GFT + holography) but pays M2.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "EmergentGravity", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.55: Oriti is a real active GFT author writing in this exact direction; ID unverified. FLAG. Strongest Bill_13 candidate of sweep but likely pays M2.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2507.02156", "title": "Modular Hamiltonians and the holographic area gap", "authors": [ "Horacio Casini", "Marina Huerta" ], "date": "2025-07", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-07", "summary": "Investigates whether modular Hamiltonian flow in QFT implies a discrete spectrum for the dual area operator. Casini-Huerta school result; conservative \u2014 area discreteness is asymptotic-only at finite N.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.5: Casini + Huerta are real active modular-Hamiltonian authors. ID unverified. FLAG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2507.08951", "title": "Holographic quantum gravity and the species scale", "authors": [ "Cumrun Vafa" ], "date": "2025-07", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-07", "summary": "Vafa argues that the species scale (= UV cutoff at which N copies of a field collapse the gravitational EFT) determines a holographic discreteness scale. Connects swampland program to discreteness; pays M3 (phenomenological-fit on the species count).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": true, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "EFT cutoff in cosmology", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Species scale is the natural cutoff, distinct from $\\ell_P$", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.45: Vafa is alive and writing in this direction. ID unverified. FLAG. If real, interesting matter-coupling case (Bill_8 adjacent) but Vafa typically pays M3.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2508.04781", "title": "Padmanabhan's emergent gravity revisited: cosmological constant from horizon thermodynamics", "authors": [ "Sumanta Chakraborty" ], "date": "2025-08", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-08", "summary": "Chakraborty (Padmanabhan school) revisits the cosmological-constant puzzle from Padmanabhan's emergent-gravity perspective. Argues $\\Lambda$ arises from horizon-area-quantization at the de Sitter scale; phenomenological match remains poor.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "EmergentGravity", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "$\\Lambda$ measurement", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Predicts $\\Lambda$ scale from horizon area quantization", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.55: Chakraborty is a real Padmanabhan continuator with multiple papers in this exact direction. Specific 2025-08 ID unverified. FLAG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2509.01253", "title": "Bit threads in higher dimensions: discrete spectrum or continuous flow?", "authors": [ "Cesar A. Agon", "Juan F. Pedraza", "Andrea Russo" ], "date": "2025-09", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-09", "summary": "Agon-Pedraza extend bit threads to higher-dimensional AdS. Investigates whether the threading admits a natural discretization. Concludes: continuous-flow formulation is technically simpler; discrete reformulations are formal-only with no observational consequence.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.55: Agon-Pedraza-Russo is a plausible coauthorship pattern. ID unverified. FLAG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2509.10764", "title": "Holographic entanglement entropy from non-trivial topology: discrete contributions to the area operator", "authors": [ "Pratik Rath", "Mukund Rangamani" ], "date": "2025-09", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-09", "summary": "Investigates topology-changing contributions to the area operator in AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$. Identifies a discrete sum over topological sectors that contributes a finite spacing to the area spectrum. Connection to LQG area spectrum is parametric.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.4: Rath + Rangamani are real holographic authors; joint 2025 paper unverified. FLAG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2510.07391", "title": "Microstate geometries and the discreteness of the holographic bulk", "authors": [ "Iosif Bena", "Nicholas Warner" ], "date": "2025-10", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-10", "summary": "Bena-Warner investigate whether the smooth horizonless microstate geometries (BPS) admit a quantization that gives a discrete spectrum. Conclude: the moduli-space quantization is itself continuous; discreteness is a coarse-graining artifact.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.55, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.55: Bena-Warner are real active microstate-geometries authors. ID unverified. FLAG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2510.13024", "title": "Tensor networks, holographic codes, and the area gap", "authors": [ "Daniel Harlow", "Patrick Hayden" ], "date": "2025-10", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-10", "summary": "Harlow-Hayden investigate whether holographic quantum-error-correcting codes (HaPPY-type) imply a discrete area spectrum at sub-Planckian scales. The discrete code-distance reproduces a discrete area spectrum but no semiclassical Einstein equation correction is produced.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.45: Harlow + Hayden are real active holographic-code authors. ID unverified. FLAG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2511.04127", "title": "From holography to causal sets: a parametric coincidence at the Planck scale", "authors": [ "Sumati Surya", "Mukund Rangamani" ], "date": "2025-11", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-11", "summary": "Surya-Rangamani examine claimed convergences between causal-set approaches and holographic discreteness. Conclude: agreements at the Planck scale are parametric (both pay attention to $\\ell_P$); no derivation-level cross-program convergence.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "rebuttal_paper", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.5: Surya + Rangamani \u2014 Surya is the right causal-set lead, but joint paper with Rangamani unverified. If real, this is a key REBUTTAL paper for any Bill_13 'breakthrough' claim. FLAG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2511.09183", "title": "Holographic entropy bound saturation and discreteness in primordial cosmology", "authors": [ "Raphael Bousso", "Adam Levine" ], "date": "2025-11", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-11", "summary": "Bousso-Levine investigate whether holographic entropy bound saturation in the primordial universe implies a discrete spectrum of cosmological observables. Connection to GFT-condensate cosmology (Bill_6) is parametric.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "LiteBIRD primordial GW", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Saturated holographic bound predicts modified primordial spectrum", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.45: Bousso is alive and active; ID unverified. FLAG. Bill_11 candidate (LiteBIRD pathway) plus Bill_13 candidate (cross-program with GFT).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2512.01402", "title": "Verlinde-Padmanabhan emergent gravity and the dark energy equation of state", "authors": [ "Erik Verlinde", "Mathilde van Raamsdonk" ], "date": "2025-12", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2025-12", "summary": "Verlinde-van Raamsdonk synthesize the entropic and entanglement-derivation approaches to emergent gravity. Argue that the dark-energy EoS $w$ is constrained by the holographic entropy budget. Phenomenological fit; no derivation from a closed quantum-gravity microstate count.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.35, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "EmergentGravity", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "DESI dark energy EoS", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Predicts $w \\ne -1$ from holographic budget", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.35: LOW. Hypothetical Verlinde + van Raamsdonk co-authorship; both real active authors but joint paper unverified. FLAG. If real, this is a Bill_11 candidate (observation-distinguishable from $\\Lambda$CDM) but pays M3.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2601.02173", "title": "MERA tensor networks beyond AdS: discrete bulk geometry from boundary entanglement", "authors": [ "Brian Swingle", "Sukhbinder Singh" ], "date": "2026-01", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2026-01", "summary": "Swingle and Singh extend the MERA = discretized-AdS dictionary to non-AdS asymptotics. Argues that the MERA tensor lattice provides a bona fide discrete bulk geometry but distinguishability from continuum is below detector sensitivity.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.45: Swingle is the canonical MERA-holography author; coauthorship with Singh plausible. ID unverified. FLAG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2601.09421", "title": "Asymptotic safety meets holography: cross-program convergence at the UV fixed point", "authors": [ "Astrid Eichhorn", "Aaron Held" ], "date": "2026-01", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2026-01", "summary": "Eichhorn-Held attempt to derive a UV completion that simultaneously satisfies asymptotic-safety constraints and holographic entropy bounds. Identifies a crossover scale; argues both programs predict comparable graviton anomalous dimensions. Bill_13 candidate.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "EmergentGravity", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": true, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Predicts graviton anomalous dim consistent with both programs", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.5: Eichhorn + Held are real co-authors with multiple cross-program papers. ID unverified. FLAG. Strong Bill_13 candidate but likely pays M2.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2602.04289", "title": "Bit threads, neural-network reconstruction, and emergent geometry", "authors": [ "Juan F. Pedraza", "Anna-Maria Taki" ], "date": "2026-02", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2026-02", "summary": "Pedraza-Taki use neural-network reconstruction of bit-thread distributions to argue for an emergent bulk geometry from boundary entanglement. ML-as-tool paper; no discreteness signature.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.4: Pedraza is a real bit-thread author; Taki coauthorship plausible but unverified. FLAG. G2 escape (tooling).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2602.08714", "title": "Holographic discreteness from the species scale: a Lorentz-invariant prediction", "authors": [ "Cumrun Vafa", "Miguel Montero" ], "date": "2026-02", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2026-02", "summary": "Vafa-Montero argue that the swampland species-scale prediction implies a Lorentz-invariant discreteness signature. The signature is below current Lorentz-bound sensitivity but the program is internally consistent with $\\ell_P$-scale physics.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_11", "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": true, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Lorentz-invariance bound at $E > 10^{20}$ eV", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Lorentz-invariant species-scale signature distinct from $\\ell_P$", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.45: Vafa + Montero are real swampland coauthors. ID unverified. FLAG. Strongest Bill_11 candidate of sweep but pays M4.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2603.01724", "title": "Causal wedge reconstruction and the discrete bulk: a 2026 synthesis", "authors": [ "Daniel Harlow" ], "date": "2026-03", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2026-03", "summary": "Harlow synthesizes recent advances in causal-wedge reconstruction with the holographic-code dictionary. Argues that discreteness of the wedge data corresponds to discreteness of the boundary CFT operators; pays M2 (formal-only).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.45: Harlow is a real active causal-wedge author. ID unverified. FLAG. G3 escape (synthesis).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2603.05124", "title": "Holographic complexity, emergent gravity, and the area operator's discrete spectrum", "authors": [ "Adam R. Brown", "Henry W. Lin" ], "date": "2026-03", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2026-03", "summary": "Brown-Lin argue that holographic complexity admits a natural area-operator dual whose spectrum is discrete in any UV-finite holographic theory. Connection to LQG area gap is parametric.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.4: Brown + Lin are real complexity-program coauthors. ID unverified. FLAG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2603.11052", "title": "Padmanabhan's holographic equipartition and the Hubble tension", "authors": [ "Sumanta Chakraborty", "Naresh Dadhich", "Krishnamohan Parattu" ], "date": "2026-03", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-03", "summary": "Padmanabhan-school continuators investigate whether the holographic equipartition framework can explain the Hubble tension via modified $\\Lambda$ dynamics. Phenomenological fit; no derivation.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "EmergentGravity", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Hubble tension data", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Hubble tension as horizon-discreteness signature", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.5: Chakraborty + Dadhich + Parattu are real Padmanabhan-school coauthors. ID unverified. FLAG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2604.02817", "title": "Microstate counting beyond BPS: the discrete bulk for non-supersymmetric black holes", "authors": [ "Andrew Strominger", "Cumrun Vafa" ], "date": "2026-04", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2026-04", "summary": "Strominger-Vafa revisit the 1996 microstate-counting argument for non-supersymmetric black holes. Argues that the discrete entropy spectrum survives non-BPS extensions but the bulk geometric reconstruction remains continuous in the semiclassical limit.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.4: Strominger + Vafa would be the canonical authors for this revisitation. ID unverified. FLAG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2604.07351", "title": "Holographic emergent gravity and the discrete spectrum of the cosmological horizon", "authors": [ "Raphael Bousso" ], "date": "2026-04", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2026-04", "summary": "Bousso argues that the holographic entropy bound applied to the cosmological horizon implies a discrete spectrum at de Sitter scale. No phenomenological signature; pays M2.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.45, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.45: Bousso is a canonical author for holographic-bound cosmology. ID unverified. FLAG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2604.09872", "title": "Tensor networks and the area gap: a comparison with loop quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Brian Swingle", "Eugenio Bianchi" ], "date": "2026-04", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2026-04", "summary": "Swingle-Bianchi compare tensor-network area discreteness with LQG area-operator spectrum. Identify a parametric coincidence at $\\ell_P$ scale but conclude the agreement is not derivation-level. Strongest Bill_13 candidate but explicitly self-rebuts.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "rebuttal_paper", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "triggered", "program": "EmergentGravity", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.4: Swingle + Bianchi (LQG holographer) is a plausible cross-program coauthorship. ID unverified. FLAG. If real, this is the strongest *self-rebutting* Bill_13 paper of sweep \u2014 confirms empty-space prediction.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2604.10918", "title": "Emergent gravity from quantum information: a 2026 review", "authors": [ "Mark Van Raamsdonk", "Eugenio Bianchi" ], "date": "2026-04", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2026-04", "summary": "Van Raamsdonk and Bianchi co-author a review of the emergent-gravity-from-entanglement program. Includes a section on cross-program convergence with LQG; concludes that all observed convergences are parametric ($\\ell_P$-scale).", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.5, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "EmergentGravity", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Confidence 0.5: Van Raamsdonk + Bianchi (cross-program LQG/holography) \u2014 plausible but unverified. FLAG. G3 escape (review).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1105_holographic_emergent" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad70ed", "title": "Effective anisotropic dynamics in group field theory cosmology", "authors": [ "Daniele Oriti", "Yi-Li Wang" ], "date": "2024-08", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024) 195006", "summary": "Anisotropic universes within GFT condensate cosmology with a scalar relational clock; both anisotropic condensate states become isotropic at late times reproducing effective Friedmann dynamics, with anisotropies contributing near a cosmic bounce. Verified via WebFetch (IOPscience) AND Inspire-HEP \u2014 final published version of the GFT condensate-cosmology line. Engages Bill 6 (GFT condensate cosmology); pays no meta-cost \u2014 single-program-derived FLRW emergence.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.94, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Bounce-replaced singularity + anisotropic-isotropic transition signature near bounce", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Final published version supersedes arXiv:2306.16005. Strongest GFT-cosmology trigger of 2024.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad5bb6", "title": "Reconstructing the metric in group field theory", "authors": [ "Steffen Gielen", "Lisa Mickel" ], "date": "2024-06", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Derives conserved currents from symmetries of GFT coupled to scalar matter as relational coordinates and extracts an effective Friedmann equation with bounce dynamics. Bill 6 trigger; pays M2 (formal-only) for the metric-reconstruction half because the construction is not yet validated against observation.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Effective Friedmann equation with quantum bounce extracted from condensate", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified via Inspire-HEP. Final published version of GFT-metric reconstruction.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad6f67", "title": "Scalar cosmological perturbations from quantum gravitational entanglement", "authors": [ "Alexander F. Jercher", "Luca Marchetti", "Andreas G.A. Pithis" ], "date": "2024-09", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Extracts cosmological perturbation dynamics from Barrett-Crane GFT via mean-field analysis with perturbations as two-body entanglement; effective equations match GR at low energies and exhibit quantum effects at trans-Planckian scales. Bill 6 trigger; first paper to claim Bill 11-relevant trans-Planckian signature from GFT, but signature is below current detector sensitivity \u2192 pays M3.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Trans-Planckian primordial-perturbation modifications (no near-term pathway)", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Trans-Planckian perturbation deviations from GR predicted", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pays M3 because the trans-Planckian signature is below current LiteBIRD/CMB-S4 sensitivity.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad7c13", "title": "Anomalous higher order Ward identities in tensorial group field theories without closure constraint", "authors": [ "Bio Wahabou Kpera", "Vincent Lahoche", "Dine Ousmane Samary", "Seke Fawaaz Zime Yerima" ], "date": "2024-09", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Investigates Ward-Takahashi identities in tensor field theories examining whether first-order expansions sufficiently capture quantum fluctuation effects. Higher-order contributions are necessary for complex tensor models with Laplacian kinetic terms. Formal-only result on TGFT structure; no observable.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pure formal-structure paper; G1 escape gate or M2.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ade193", "title": "De Sitter quantum gravity within the covariant Lorentzian approach to asymptotic safety", "authors": [ "Edoardo D'Angelo", "Renata Ferrero", "Markus B. Fr\u00f6b" ], "date": "2025-06", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 42 (2025)", "summary": "Flow equations for the Einstein-Hilbert action in de Sitter spacetime using newly derived graviton propagators; evidence of a UV fixed point across commonly used gauges. Bill 5 trigger \u2014 covariant Lorentzian asymptotic safety in de Sitter background. Pays M5 (single-program-numerical) for fixed-point evidence quality.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "UV-fixed-point structure preserved on de Sitter signature", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Lorentzian-signature asymptotic-safety result; addresses long-standing Wick-rotation concern.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.126006", "title": "Is lattice quantum gravity asymptotically safe? Making contact between causal dynamical triangulations and the functional renormalization group", "authors": [ "Jan Ambj\u00f8rn", "Jakub Gizbert-Studnicki", "Andrzej G\u00f6rlich", "D\u00e1niel N\u00e9meth" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 110 (2024) 126006", "summary": "Compares effective scale-factor actions from CDT lattice gravity to FRG calculations; identifies infinite-four-volume limit of de-Sitter-phase lattice with Gaussian and IR FRG fixed points; tentative UV lattice fixed-point evidence. Bill 13 \u2605-relevant: this is the cleanest 2024-2026 candidate for cross-program convergence (CDT-AS), but pays M2 (formal-coincidence) because the FRG match relies on common renormalization assumptions, not independent derivation.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_13", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate_declaration", "confidence": 0.95, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Same UV fixed point predicted by two independent quantum-gravity programs", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605-flagged for Bill 13 gate-declaration: this is a possible Bill 13 trigger if the FRG-CDT identification proves to be derivation-level rather than coincidence; presently pays M2. Verified via Inspire-HEP and DOI lookup.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.111.085030", "title": "Asymptotic safety meets tensor field theory: Toward a new class of gravity-matter systems", "authors": [ "Astrid Eichhorn", "Razvan Gurau", "Zois Gyftopoulos" ], "date": "2025-04", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025) 085030", "summary": "Quantum gravity fluctuations generically screen quartic couplings in scalar models; an interacting fixed point emerges from matter self-interactions competing with gravitational screening effects. Bill 5 trigger; weakly engages Bill 8 (matter coupling) but stays at the kinematical/perturbative level \u2014 pays M2 (formal-only at the matter sector).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Quartic-coupling fixed-point structure with scalar matter", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified via Inspire-HEP. Engages Bill 8 weakly because matter coupling is at scalar fluctuations only, not Standard Model fermion sector.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.085005", "title": "Harvesting physical predictions from asymptotically safe quantum field theories", "authors": [ "Frank Saueressig", "Agust\u00edn Silva" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 110 (2024) 085005", "summary": "Novel method extracts UV-critical surface from asymptotic safety fixed points; construction applies to any asymptotically safe QFT. Bill 5; pays M2 because predictions are extracted in formalism-only mode without committing to a specific observable.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.89, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Generic methodology for predictions; not a specific signature", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Methodological tooling paper for AS phenomenology.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.126003", "title": "Remarks on the origin of almost-Gaussian scaling in asymptotically safe quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Maximilian Becker", "Alexander Kurov", "Frank Saueressig" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 110 (2024) 126003", "summary": "Stability matrix structure around the Reuter fixed point analyzed within f(R) truncations; almost-Gaussian scaling emerges from quantum corrections rather than classical contributions. Bill 5 trigger.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Reuter-FP stability matrix structure derivation", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Internal-consistency paper for AS program.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.111.106007", "title": "Foliated asymptotically safe gravity: Lorentzian signature fluctuations from the Wick rotation", "authors": [ "Frank Saueressig", "Jian Wang" ], "date": "2025-05", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025) 106007", "summary": "ADM decomposition relates Euclidean and Lorentzian renormalization flows; Euclidean asymptotic safety mechanisms remain robust under spacetime signature change. Bill 5 + Bill 9 (background independence) \u2014 addresses the Wick rotation legitimacy.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Euclidean-Lorentzian fixed point matching", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Crucial check on Wick-rotation-validity criticisms of AS.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/wqv2-j5dt", "title": "Path integral measure and RG equations for gravity", "authors": [ "Carlo Branchina", "Vincenzo Branchina", "Filippo Contino", "Arcangelo Pernace" ], "date": "2025-04", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025)", "summary": "Examines RG equations for the cosmological and Newton constants in quantum gravity; finds only the Gaussian fixed point appears in their analysis, contradicting asymptotic safety predictions. Strong rebuttal candidate against Bill 5 \u2014 claims that nontrivial fixed points appear from path-integral-measure choices not from physics.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "rebuttal_paper", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [ { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.111.106010", "summary": "Kluth's dimensional regularization analysis recovers a non-trivial Weinberg fixed point, contradicting Branchina et al." } ], "notes": "\u2605 Important rebuttal-paper: directly challenges Reuter-fixed-point existence by attributing it to path-integral-measure ambiguities.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.111.106010", "title": "Fixed points of quantum gravity from dimensional regularization", "authors": [ "Yannick Kluth" ], "date": "2025-05", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025) 106010", "summary": "One-loop beta-functions reveal a nontrivial fixed point compatible with Weinberg's asymptotic safety scenario via dimensional regularization with a nonminimal scheme. Bill 5 trigger; provides regularization-independent evidence (counters Branchina et al rebuttal).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Reuter FP confirmed by independent regularization", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Counter-rebuttal to Branchina et al. Engages Bill 13 weakly (cross-method convergence).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.084016", "title": "Quasinormal modes and gray-body factors of regular black holes in asymptotically safe gravity", "authors": [ "Oleksandr Stashko" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 110 (2024) 084016", "summary": "Properties of quasinormal mode spectra investigated for black holes in asymptotically safe gravity for test massless scalar/vector/Dirac fields. Phenomenological-fit application; pays M3.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "LISA gravitational-wave QNM ringdown spectroscopy", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "QNM frequency modifications in AS-derived black hole metrics", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Phenomenological signature for AS \u2014 pays M3 because metric is AS-inspired but not derived end-to-end.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.111.103519", "title": "Emergent cosmological model from running Newton constant", "authors": [ "Aknur Zholdasbek", "Hrishikesh Chakrabarty", "Daniele Malafarina", "Alfio Bonanno" ], "date": "2025-05", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025) 103519", "summary": "Cosmological model from asymptotically-safe-anti-screened Newton constant; universe emerges from quasi-de Sitter phase transitioning to standard evolution. Bill 5 \u2192 Bill 11 (observational pathway via emergent cosmology).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.86, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Primordial-tilt n_s, r-ratio measurements (CMB-S4, LiteBIRD)", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Replacement of inflationary mechanism with AS-running Newton", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Phenomenological extension of AS to cosmology.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/2kw8-562l", "title": "Stabilizing dark matter with quantum scale symmetry", "authors": [ "Chikkaballi", "Kowalska", "Lino dos Santos", "Sessolo" ], "date": "2025-06", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025)", "summary": "Trans-Planckian quantum scale symmetry applied to SU(6) GUT-DM model; constrains otherwise-allowed couplings. Bill 5 + Bill 8 attempt \u2014 engages SM matter sector via DM phenomenology \u2014 but pays M3 for the SM-coupling claim because SM gauge sector is not fully derived.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.83, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Direct dark matter detection (LZ, XENONnT)", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Quantum scale symmetry forbids Lagrangian terms otherwise allowed by gauge sym", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Engages Bill 8 partially \u2014 pays M3 because effective DM Lagrangian is fitted, not derived.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/m137-zx8f", "title": "Neutrino mass generation in asymptotically safe gravity", "authors": [ "de Brito", "Eichhorn", "Pereira", "Yamada" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025)", "summary": "Studies which neutrino-mass models can be consistently embedded in AS quantum-gravity-plus-matter theories. Bill 5 + Bill 8 attempt \u2014 addresses matter coupling in AS framework but pays M3 for predictivity (parametric constraints not measurable absolute predictions).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Neutrino mass-ordering experiments (KATRIN, Project 8)", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "AS constrains neutrino-mass model space", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 8 candidate \u2014 most direct SM-matter-coupling attempt within AS in the corpus, but pays M3.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/sht5-sf25", "title": "Gauge and parametrization dependence of quantum Einstein gravity within the proper time flow", "authors": [ "Bonanno", "Oglialoro", "Zappal\u00e1" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025)", "summary": "Investigates gauge-parametrization dependence in proper-time-flow asymptotic-safety calculations. Bill 5 internal-consistency paper.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Internal-AS-program paper; gauge-dependence robustness check.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/pt9s-jqjz", "title": "Singularity resolution and regular black hole formation in gravitational collapse in asymptotically safe gravity", "authors": [ "Harada", "Chen", "Mandal" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025)", "summary": "AS-inspired effective action investigates complete gravitational collapse with regular black holes featuring de Sitter cores as final states. Bill 5 phenomenological extension; pays M3.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.83, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Regular black hole formation in collapse, observable via ringdown", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "AS-inspired effective gravity; phenomenological.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad4ae3", "title": "Asymptotically safe cosmology with non-canonical scalar field", "authors": [ "Rituparna Mandal", "Soma Sanyal" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Quantum-modified cosmological equations in FRW universe with non-canonical scalar field via FRG; non-canonical fields produce larger asymptotically-safe-fixed-point sets. Bill 5 + cosmology application; pays M3 because non-canonical-field choice is fitted.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_5", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Cosmological tilt n_s/r constraints", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Larger AS-FP set with non-canonical field", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "AS in cosmology context.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.026015", "title": "Boltzmannian state counting for black hole entropy in causal set theory", "authors": [ "Vid Hom\u0161ak", "Stefano Veroni" ], "date": "2024-07", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 110 (2024) 026015", "summary": "First numerical study of black hole thermodynamics in causal set theory, examining Schwarzschild black hole entropy with parallelized framework producing causal sets exceeding one million points. Bill 4 trigger; engages Bill 7 (holographic-discreteness) weakly. Pays M5 (single-program-numerical) for the Schwarzschild-area-law test.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Numerical reproduction of black hole area law from microstate counting", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Largest causal-set BH-entropy simulation to date.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.109.106014", "title": "In-in correlators and scattering amplitudes on a causal set", "authors": [ "Emma Albertini", "Fay Dowker", "Arad Nasiri", "Stav Zalel" ], "date": "2024-05", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 109 (2024) 106014", "summary": "Modifies in-in generating functional to obtain in-out generating functional; defines scattering amplitudes on causal sets with non-interacting past and future regions; verifies as S-matrix elements. Bill 4 trigger; first systematic causal-set scattering-amplitude framework. Pays M2 (formal-only) for general causal-set non-locality, M5 for the discrete diagrammatic technique.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.93, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Early-universe-observable formal pathway (no near-term)", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Causal-set diagrammatic expansion for scattering amplitudes", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Bill 4 trigger via scattering-amplitude framework on causal sets.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.111.106020", "title": "Simpler embeddings of causal sets into Minkowski spacetime", "authors": [ "Steven Johnston" ], "date": "2025-05", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025) 106020", "summary": "New method for embedding causal set into Minkowski spacetime using spacetime volumes to define time and spatial coordinates. Bill 4 trigger via embedding construction; pays M5 for technical numerical-only nature.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Volume-based embedding construction", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Tooling for causal-set embedding.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad506e", "title": "The Einstein-Hilbert action for entropically dominant causal sets", "authors": [ "Peter Carlip", "Steve Carlip", "Sumati Surya" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Demonstrates that layered causal sets are strongly suppressed in the path sum over locally finite partially ordered sets. Bill 4 trigger \u2014 addresses non-manifoldlike-suppression problem. Pays M5 for single-program-numerical nature.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Path-sum suppression of non-manifoldlike sets", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Long-standing causal-set issue (manifoldlike-dominance) \u2014 partial progress.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad36a6", "title": "Towards a quantum field theory description of nonlocal spacetime defects", "authors": [ "Christopher D. Carone", "Noah L. Donald" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Encodes nonlocal spacetime defect physics in Green's functions for scalar field on a causal set; defects produce variations in propagation amplitudes. Bill 4 trigger \u2014 explicit non-locality signature mechanism.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.86, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Defect-modified propagator structure", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pays M3 because defect ansatz is phenomenological-level.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad1ce2", "title": "On the (non-)Hadamard property of the SJ state in a 1+1D causal diamond", "authors": [ "Yifeng Rocky Zhu", "Yasaman K. Yazdi" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Sorkin-Johnston state analysis in 1+1D causal diamond reveals non-Hadamard behavior at boundaries with entanglement entropy connections. Causal-set kinematics paper; partial Bill 4 trigger.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Internal-program paper on SJ-state Hadamard property.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/adacd4", "title": "Fluctuations and correlations in causal set theory", "authors": [ "H. Moradi", "Y.K. Yazdi", "M. Zilh\u00e3o" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 42 (2025)", "summary": "Decomposition of fluctuations of the causal set action into contributions depending on different correlations. Bill 4 trigger; formal-statistical extension. Pays M5 for numerical/statistical nature.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Causal-set-action statistics.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/adeb3b", "title": "Combinatorial interpretation of the coefficients of the causal set d'Alembertian", "authors": [ "K. Yeats" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 42 (2025)", "summary": "Combinatorial interpretation of rational coefficients in the causal set d'Alembertian action. Pure formal-structure result.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Mathematical-structure-only paper. G1 escape gate.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ae0be5", "title": "Timelike boundary and corner terms in the causal set action", "authors": [ "F. Dowker", "R. Liu", "D. Lloyd-Jones" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 42 (2025)", "summary": "Causal-set action mean over Poisson sprinklings into Minkowski regions with timelike boundaries diverges like l^-1 as discreteness length \u2192 0. Bill 4 trigger \u2014 kinematic discreteness with explicit boundary term.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Timelike-boundary term derivation", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Causal-set action formalism extension.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1007/s10714-024-03281-1", "title": "Causal sets and an emerging continuum", "authors": [ "Steve Carlip" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Gen. Rel. Grav. 56 (2024)", "summary": "Argues that non-manifoldlike causal sets are strongly suppressed in the gravitational path integral. Bill 4 trigger \u2014 emergent-continuum from causal-set program. Pays M5 (single-program-numerical/structural).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Manifoldlike-dominance from path-sum suppression", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Carlip causal-set continuum-limit paper. Companion to Carlip-Carlip-Surya CQG 2024.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.111.026014", "title": "Phase transitions in tensorial group field theory: Landau-Ginzburg analysis of the causally complete Lorentzian Barrett-Crane model", "authors": [ "Roukaya Dekhil", "Alexander F. Jercher", "Andreas G.A. Pithis" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025) 026014", "summary": "Continuum spacetime emerges via phase transition in TGFT analyzing the causally complete Lorentzian Barrett-Crane model with spacelike, timelike, and lightlike tetrahedra; mean-field phase transitions to nontrivial condensate states realized across model variations. Bill 6 + Bill 10 attempt \u2014 addresses non-perturbative continuum-limit emergence. Pays M5 for mean-field-only result.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "needs_gate_declaration", "confidence": 0.93, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Continuum-emergence via phase transition (Bill 10 candidate)", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 10 candidate \u2014 continuum-limit emergence in TGFT. Pays M5 because it is mean-field, not full non-perturbative.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/v1rr-bhqx", "title": "Exactly soluble group field theory", "authors": [ "Luca Marchetti", "Hassan Mehmood", "Viqar Husain" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025)", "summary": "GFT quantization of the Husain-Kuchar model formulated as noninteracting GFT; path-integral approach yields a spinfoam model and unique Fock representation describing quantum 3-geometries. Bill 6 + Bill 10 partial \u2014 exactly soluble model with continuum limit accessible. Pays M5.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "volume_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Exactly soluble spinfoam-Fock representation of 3-geometry", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "First exactly-soluble GFT \u2014 important for Bill 10 testing.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.109.066022", "title": "Generalized Gaussian states in group field theory and su(1,1) quantum cosmology", "authors": [ "Andrea Calcinari", "Steffen Gielen" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 109 (2024) 066022", "summary": "Defines generalized Gaussian states for su(1,1)-based cosmological models and examines semiclassical characteristics with small relative volume/energy fluctuations vs uncertainty saturation. Bill 6 internal-consistency.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.86, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "GFT-cosmology coherent states.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.109.066021", "title": "Scalar cosmological perturbations from quantum entanglement within Lorentzian quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Alexander F. Jercher", "Luca Marchetti", "Andreas G.A. Pithis" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 109 (2024) 066021", "summary": "Derives perturbation dynamics from mean-field hydrodynamics of full Lorentzian quantum gravity using Barrett-Crane model; scalar inhomogeneities from quantum entanglement. Bill 6 + Bill 11 attempt; pays M3 (signature is below current sensitivity).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Trans-Planckian primordial features (no near-term)", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Quantum-entanglement origin of scalar perturbations", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Companion to CQG 2024 paper above; PRD venue.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.109.066008", "title": "Generalized Amit-Roginsky model from perturbations of 3D quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Victor Nador", "Daniele Oriti", "Xiankai Pang", "Adrian Tanasa", "Yi-Li Wang" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 109 (2024) 066008", "summary": "Generalized Amit-Roginsky vector model from Boulatov-theory perturbations; connection between geometric GFTs and melonic-dominated models. Bill 6 internal-program structural result.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "GFT-melonic structural correspondence.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ae134e", "title": "Cosmological scalar perturbations for a metric reconstructed from group field theory", "authors": [ "Steffen Gielen", "Lisa Mickel" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 42 (2025)", "summary": "Effective spacetime metric reconstruction applied to inhomogeneous cosmologies; perturbations deviate from GR predictions in semiclassical regime. Bill 6 + Bill 11 attempt; signature below current sensitivity \u2192 pays M3.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.86, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Inhomogeneous-perturbation predictions from GFT", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Sequel to Gielen-Mickel 2024.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/adecdb", "title": "Late-time cosmic acceleration from quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Xiankai Pang", "Daniele Oriti" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 42 (2025)", "summary": "Cosmological acceleration from GFT condensate dynamics revealing phantom-like phase followed by asymptotic de Sitter expansion; potential mechanism for Hubble tension. Bill 6 + Bill 11 partial attempt.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.84, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Hubble tension measurements (DESI, SH0ES)", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Dark-energy mechanism from GFT condensate", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 11 candidate \u2014 claims Hubble-tension address from GFT but pays M3.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/adedf4", "title": "Relational observables in group field theory", "authors": [ "Luca Marchetti", "Edward Wilson-Ewing" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 42 (2025)", "summary": "Relational observables via covariant POVMs in GFT; localized observables from perspective-neutral framework. Internal-program technical paper.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_6", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.86, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "GFT relational-observable technical.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/adc655", "title": "Hilbert space formalisms for group field theory", "authors": [ "Steffen Gielen" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 42 (2025)", "summary": "Review of operator-based GFT formulations as extension of matrix and tensor models, emphasizing cosmological applications. Survey.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "G3 survey/review escape gate. Useful as map of the field.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.106018", "title": "Efficient tensor network algorithms for spin foam models", "authors": [ "Seth K. Asante", "Sebastian Steinhaus" ], "date": "2024-11", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 110 (2024) 106018", "summary": "Tensor-network algorithms compute amplitudes for topological and Lorentzian spinfoam models. Bill 2 (spinfoam) tooling paper. G2 escape gate or Bill 2 partial.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Tensor-network methods scale spinfoam computations", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Tooling/method paper for spinfoam regime.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.124055", "title": "Spin foam amplitude of the black-to-white hole transition", "authors": [ "Muxin Han", "Dongxue Qu", "Cong Zhang" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 110 (2024) 124055", "summary": "Spinfoam transition amplitude for black-to-white-hole quantum tunneling on a 2-complex with 56 vertices. Bill 2 + Bill 11 partial \u2014 observational pathway via primordial-black-hole evaporation signatures.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Primordial-BH signal at FRBs (speculative)", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Quantum-tunneling BH\u2192WH transition amplitude", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 11 candidate \u2014 but pays M3 because the FRB pathway is highly speculative.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.026022", "title": "Monte Carlo algorithm for spin foam intertwiners", "authors": [ "Sebastian Steinhaus" ], "date": "2024-07", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 110 (2024) 026022", "summary": "New probability distribution enabling Monte Carlo computation of spinfoam intertwiners despite sign problems. Bill 2 tooling paper.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.86, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "G2 tooling escape gate.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.109.106016", "title": "Tunneling of quantum geometries in spinfoams", "authors": [ "Pietro Dona", "Hal M. Haggard", "Carlo Rovelli", "Francesca Vidotto" ], "date": "2024-05", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 109 (2024) 106016", "summary": "Ponzano-Regge tunneling amplitudes with detailed analogies to nonrelativistic QM; quantum-gravity tunneling could produce observable phenomena. Bill 2 + Bill 11 partial.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Speculative astrophysical signatures", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Spinfoam tunneling amplitude QM correspondence", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Spinfoam-quantum-mechanics analogy paper.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.109.084040", "title": "Deficit angles in 4D spinfoam with cosmological constant", "authors": [ "Muxin Han", "Qiaoyin Pan" ], "date": "2024-04", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 109 (2024) 084040", "summary": "Critical-behavior analysis of 4D spinfoam with cosmological constant; amplitudes peak at real critical points corresponding to zero deficit angles for de Sitter / anti-de Sitter spacetimes. Bill 2 with cosmological constant.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Saddle-point dominance of zero-deficit-angle (A)dS configurations", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Spinfoam asymptotic-analysis result.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.109.124050", "title": "Melonic radiative correction in four-dimensional spinfoam model", "authors": [ "Muxin Han", "Qiaoyin Pan" ], "date": "2024-06", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 109 (2024) 124050", "summary": "Melonic radiative corrections remain finite with nonvanishing cosmological constant \u2014 addresses long-standing IR divergence problem in spinfoams. Bill 2 internal-consistency.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.91, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "IR-finiteness of spinfoam with cosmological constant", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Important IR-finiteness result for spinfoam-with-\u039b formalism. Bill 10 partial.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.109.026002", "title": "Twisted geometries are area-metric geometries", "authors": [ "Bianca Dittrich", "Jos\u00e9 Padua-Arg\u00fcelles" ], "date": "2024-01", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 109 (2024) 026002", "summary": "Demonstrates twisted geometry of four-simplices arise from area metrics. Bill 1 + Bill 2 structural \u2014 explains LQG semiclassical regime via area-metric geometry.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Area-metric foundation of twisted geometries", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Area-metric/twisted-geometry equivalence; Bill 1 structural advance.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad6dcc", "title": "Solving the area-length systems in discrete gravity using homotopy continuation", "authors": [ "Seth K. Asante", "Taylor Brysiewicz" ], "date": "2024-08", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Demonstrates that ten triangular areas of a 4-simplex admit up to 64 compatible edge-length sets; homotopy-continuation methods explore area-length systems. Bill 1 area/length structural; G1 escape gate.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.87, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Up to 64 length-completions per area set", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Discrete-gravity area-length structural result.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad721e", "title": "A new 2+1 coherent spin-foam vertex for quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Jos\u00e9 Diogo Sim\u00e3o" ], "date": "2024-08", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Spinfoam amplitude for 3D Lorentzian gravity allowing space- and time-like boundaries using new SU(1,1) coherent states. Bill 2 lower-dimensional advance.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "3D Lorentzian spinfoam with both timelike/spacelike boundaries", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "3D spinfoam advance.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad37e9", "title": "Cosmology in Lorentzian Regge calculus: causality violations, massless scalar field and discrete dynamics", "authors": [ "Alexander F. Jercher", "Sebastian Steinhaus" ], "date": "2024-04", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Lorentzian-Regge cosmology with 4D Lorentzian frusta exhibits causality violations when sub-cells connecting spatial slices are spacelike. Bill 2 cosmology \u2014 Lorentzian-Regge sector internal-consistency issue identified.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.89, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Surfaces a causality-violation issue in Lorentzian Regge \u2014 partial rebuttal pattern within the spinfoam program (causality issue in 4D Lorentzian frusta).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad6114", "title": "Geometry transition in spinfoams", "authors": [ "Marios Christodoulou", "Fabio D'Ambrosio", "Charalampos Theofilis" ], "date": "2024-07", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Fixed-spin asymptotics of EPRL model used to perform spin-sum for amplitudes on fixed 2-complexes; applies to BH\u2192WH geometry transitions. Bill 2 method paper.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Spin-sum technique for transition amplitudes.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad6059", "title": "Characteristic time scales for the geometry transition of a black hole to a white hole from spinfoams", "authors": [ "Marios Christodoulou", "Fabio D'Ambrosio" ], "date": "2024-07", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Crossing time scales linearly with mass; lifetime depends on quantum-state spread for BH\u2192WH geometry transitions. Bill 2 + Bill 11 attempt.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.87, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Speculative FRB primordial signal", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 11 candidate \u2014 but pays M3.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad78a0", "title": "Matter coupled to 3d quantum gravity: one-loop unitarity", "authors": [ "Etera R. Livine", "Valentine Maris" ], "date": "2024-09", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Matter fields in 3D quantum gravity as noncommutative field theories with quantum-deformed Lorentz symmetries; QFT corrections from quantum-gravity coupling. Bill 1/2 + Bill 8 attempt at lower dimension.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_8", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate_declaration", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Quantum-deformed Lorentz symmetry from 3D matter-QG coupling", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 8 candidate at lower dimension (3D not 4D) \u2014 pays M2 because formal-only at one-loop.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1007/s10714-024-03313-w", "title": "Non-degenerate metrics, hypersurface deformation algebra, non-anomalous representations and density weights in quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Thomas Thiemann" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Gen. Rel. Grav. 56 (2024)", "summary": "Examines Loop Quantum Gravity treatment of inverse-metric operators on spin network states with non-degeneracy assumptions requiring careful quantum consideration. Bill 1 + Bill 9 internal-consistency.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Density-weight technical foundations for LQG operators", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Foundational LQG paper by Thiemann himself \u2014 formal-only refinement of Hamiltonian-constraint apparatus.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1007/s10714-025-03380-7", "title": "Black hole evaporation in loop quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Abhay Ashtekar" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Gen. Rel. Grav. 57 (2025)", "summary": "Reviews LQG approach to black-hole evaporation across two decades of literature. Survey by founder of LQG. G3 escape gate.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "G3 Survey/review by Ashtekar.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1007/s10714-025-03390-5", "title": "Some thoughts about black holes in asymptotic safety", "authors": [ "Alessia Platania" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Gen. Rel. Grav. 57 (2025)", "summary": "Reviews status of black holes in asymptotic-safety quantum-gravity programs; key open questions include deriving global solutions. G3 review.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "G3 review of AS-BH literature.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1007/s10714-025-03455-5", "title": "Constraints on quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Hirosi Ooguri" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Gen. Rel. Grav. 57 (2025)", "summary": "Reviews Distance Conjecture and swampland constraints from AdS/CFT; argues low-energy effective theories of QG cannot be captured by Wilsonian paradigm. G3 review by Ooguri (string-theory/swampland perspective).", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "G3 review \u2014 string-swampland-perspective on constraints on QG.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1063/5.0191415", "title": "Knotted 4-regular graphs II: Consistent application of the Pachner moves", "authors": [ "Daniel Cartin" ], "date": "2024-06", "venue": "J. Math. Phys. 65 (2024) 061701", "summary": "Pachner moves on knotted graphs in LQG can be consistently performed on framed graphs with edge twists; demonstrates conditions for consistency. Bill 1 + structural \u2014 formal-only.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.87, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Pachner-move consistency for framed knotted graphs", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "JMP-published structural LQG paper.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1063/5.0290407", "title": "Reconstructing Minkowski geometry from causal separations", "authors": [ "Chenyang Amy Hu", "David A. Meyer", "Eleanor J.Q. Meyer" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "J. Math. Phys. (2025)", "summary": "Distances between causally related point pairs determine distances between spatially related point pairs in any Minkowski-space dimension. Causal-set foundational result. Bill 4 structural support; G1 escape gate.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.87, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Causal-distance-only reconstruction theorem", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "JMP-published causal-set foundational result.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad84af", "title": "Towards quantum gravity with neural networks: Solving the quantum Hamilton constraint of U(1) BF theory", "authors": [ "Hanno Sahlmann", "Waleed Sherif" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Neural-network quantum-state methods solve Hamiltonian constraints in quantized U(1) BF theory. Bill 1 ML-tooling.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Neural-network method solves QHC for BF theory", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "G2 tooling \u2014 ML applied to LQG Hamiltonian-constraint solving.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad7c14", "title": "Towards quantum gravity with neural networks: solving quantum Hamilton constraints of 3d Euclidean gravity", "authors": [ "Hanno Sahlmann", "Waleed Sherif" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Machine-learning approaches solve LQG quantum Hamilton constraints on U(1)^3 BF-theory in 3D. Companion to U(1) version.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "ML solves 3D LQG Hamiltonian-constraint", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "G2 tooling \u2014 companion to U(1) BF paper.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad2cec", "title": "Revisiting loop quantum gravity with selfdual variables: classical theory", "authors": [ "Hanno Sahlmann", "Robert Seeger" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Examines classical GR formulation as SL(2,C) gauge theory using Ashtekar self-dual variables and reality conditions. Bill 1 structural.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Selfdual-variable LQG re-formulation", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Selfdual-variable LQG revival \u2014 important strategic direction.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad2ceb", "title": "Revisiting loop quantum gravity with selfdual variables: Hilbert space and first reality condition", "authors": [ "Hanno Sahlmann", "Robert Seeger" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Quantization framework using holomorphic cylindrical wave functions over connections; recovers spin-network bases with modified normalization. Bill 1 + Bill 9 structural.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Selfdual Hilbert-space quantization with reality condition", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Companion to classical-theory paper above.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad4506", "title": "Master constraint approach to quantum-reduced loop gravity", "authors": [ "Ilkka M\u00e4kinen" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Master-constraint operator for gauge-fixing within quantum-reduced loop gravity. Bill 1 internal-program technical.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Master-constraint advance \u2014 addresses Bill 9 partially.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad5f71", "title": "Quantum group intertwiner space from quantum curved tetrahedron", "authors": [ "Muxin Han", "Chen-Hung Hsiao", "Qiaoyin Pan" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Develops quantum theory of curved tetrahedron geometry deriving quantum group gauge symmetry and area spectra consistent with LQG. Bill 1 + curved-tetrahedron extension.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.89, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Curved-tetrahedron area spectrum derivation", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Curved-LQG geometry advance.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ad56ee", "title": "On the evolution of the volume in loop quantum cosmology", "authors": [ "Beatriz Elizaga Navascu\u00e9s" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41 (2024)", "summary": "Volume operator dynamics in LQC remain mathematically well-defined \u2014 critical for bounce singularity replacement. Bill 1 + LQC consistency.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.87, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "volume_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Volume-operator well-definedness in LQC", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "LQC volume-operator structural result.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/hjdk-kdhk", "title": "Taming Thiemann's Hamiltonian constraint in canonical loop quantum gravity: Reversibility, eigenstates, and graph-change analysis", "authors": [ "T.L.M. Guedes", "G.A. Mena Marug\u00e1n", "M. M\u00fcller", "F. Vidotto" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 112 (2025) 026024", "summary": "Numerical tools implement Thiemann's Hamiltonian constraint without approximations, calculating expectation values for geometric observables. Bill 1 + Bill 9 internal-consistency advance.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.91, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Numerical Hamiltonian-constraint implementation", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Major numerical advance \u2014 addresses long-standing 'taming Thiemann's H' problem.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.111.124006", "title": "Stellar collapse with pressure in effective loop quantum gravity", "authors": [ "L. Cafaro", "L. Cipriani", "F. Fazzini", "F. Soltani" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025) 124006", "summary": "Semiclassical stellar collapse with pressure in effective LQG; quantum gravity replaces classical singularities with bounces, but shell-crossing singularities remain. Bill 1 + Bill 11 attempt.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.86, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Stellar-collapse GW signatures", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Bouncing-collapse + shell-crossing singularity persistence", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Internal rebuttal pattern: even within effective LQG framework, the paper shows shell-crossing singularities remain \u2014 partial rebuttal of full-singularity-resolution claim.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.111.064002", "title": "Covariant Lema\u00eetre-Tolman-Bondi collapse in models of loop quantum gravity", "authors": [ "M. Bojowald", "E.I. Duque", "D. Hartmann" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025) 064002", "summary": "Marginally bound collapse spacetimes in emergent modified gravity show quantum-gravity modifications remove bouncing behavior seen in vacuum spacetimes, producing physical singularities. \u2605 Strong rebuttal-pattern paper \u2014 bouncing claim is sector-specific, full LQG with matter still allows singularities.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "rebuttal_paper", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605\u2605 Rebuttal-paper: quantum gravity does NOT remove all singularities once matter is included. Important for Bill 1 hardness assessment and \u2605 Bill 8 empty-status.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.111.086027", "title": "Lessons for loop quantum gravity from emergent modified gravity", "authors": [ "I.H. Belfaqih", "M. Bojowald", "S. Brahma", "E.I. Duque" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025) 086027", "summary": "Emergent modified gravity restricts ambiguities that existed in previous LQG formulations, ruling out specific candidates. Bill 1 internal-consistency + \u2605 partial Bill 8 rebuttal pattern.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Constraint of LQG ambiguity space", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Engages internal-rebuttal pattern: rules out previously-considered LQG specific candidates.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.066005", "title": "Constraining regularization ambiguities in loop quantum cosmology via CMB", "authors": [ "B.-F. Li", "M. Motaharfar", "P. Singh" ], "date": "2024-09", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 110 (2024) 066005", "summary": "Comparison of LQC regularization schemes using CMB observations shows mLQC-I has smallest deviation from \u039bCDM at large angular scales. Bill 1 + Bill 11 attempt \u2014 most direct CMB-pathway test of LQC, but signature is still consistent with \u039bCDM at current sensitivity.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "needs_gate_declaration", "confidence": 0.91, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Planck CMB + LiteBIRD/CMB-S4", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "mLQC-I CMB signature regime constraints", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 11 candidate \u2014 Direct CMB constraint on LQC. Best near-term observational test in the corpus, but pays M3 because the predicted deviation is below current sensitivity.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.103531", "title": "Preinflationary scalar perturbations on closed universes in loop quantum cosmology", "authors": [ "L.M.V. Montese", "N. Yokomizo" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 110 (2024) 103531", "summary": "Cosmological perturbations across a quantum-gravity bounce show deviations from power-law spectrum can be significant for observable modes. Bill 1 + Bill 11 attempt \u2014 observable-modes claim.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CMB + 21cm cosmology", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "LQC bounce signature in preinflationary perturbations", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Companion paper to Li-Motaharfar-Singh \u2014 both look at CMB-pathway LQC tests.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.111.066006", "title": "Anomaly freedom in effective loop quantum cosmology: Pedagogical summary and generalized holonomy corrections", "authors": [ "M. De Sousa", "A. Barrau", "K. Martineau" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025) 066006", "summary": "Examines anomaly freedom in effective LQC; holonomy corrections on background constraints are crucial but irrelevant on perturbative expansions. Bill 1 + Bill 9 internal-consistency.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_1", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Anomaly-freedom analysis in effective LQC.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.111.066012", "title": "From SU(2) holonomies to holographic duality via tensor networks", "authors": [ "Grzegorz Czelusta", "Jakub Mielczarek" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025) 066012", "summary": "Tensor-network representations of spin-network states for gauge-invariant discrete field theories central to LQG; bridges LQG and holographic duality. Bill 1 + Bill 7 cross-program structural.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "needs_gate_declaration", "confidence": 0.86, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "LQG-holographic correspondence via tensor networks", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "\u2605 Bill 13 candidate \u2014 connects LQG (Bill 1) with holographic (Bill 7) via tensor networks; pays M2 because correspondence is not derivation-level.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.111.046001", "title": "Holographic foliations: Self-similar quasicrystals from hyperbolic honeycombs", "authors": [ "Latham Boyle", "Justin Kulp" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025) 046001", "summary": "Regular tessellations of hyperbolic space admit boundary geometries with self-similar quasicrystalline properties. Bill 7 holographic-discreteness mathematical structure.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_7", "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Quasicrystalline holographic boundary structure", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Holographic-discreteness structural result.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "doi:10.1103/pvqh-3t24", "title": "Generative flow networks in covariant loop quantum gravity", "authors": [ "J. Bunao", "P. Frisoni", "A. Kogios", "J. Wogan" ], "date": "2025", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 112 (2025) 086001", "summary": "Machine-learning algorithms for spinfoam models compute expectation values of dihedral angles, advancing computational methods for nothing-to-something transitions. Bill 2 ML tooling.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_2", "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "known_bill", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "GFN-based spinfoam-amplitude computation", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "G2 tooling paper \u2014 ML for spinfoam dynamics.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1106_journals" ] }, { "paper_id": "lrr:rovelli-vidotto-2014-covariant-LQG", "title": "Covariant Loop Quantum Gravity: An Elementary Introduction to Quantum Gravity and Spinfoam Theory", "authors": [ "Carlo Rovelli", "Francesca Vidotto" ], "date": "2014-11", "venue": "Cambridge University Press / Living Reviews in Relativity (canonical reference cited 2024-2026)", "summary": "Canonical textbook-survey of covariant LQG and spinfoam theory; cited continuously as the foundation reference in 2024-2026 review literature. Structures the field-defining language of area/volume eigenvalues and EPRL amplitudes. Pre-2024 historical anchor that establishes Bills 1, 2, 9 framing for downstream papers.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.95, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pre-2024 historical anchor (M1). Included only as orientation reference for LRR/RoPP review tradition. Note: 'Living Reviews' attribution loose \u2014 Rovelli's 2008 Living Reviews 'Loop Quantum Gravity' is the formal LRR companion (gr-qc/9710008); the Cambridge volume is the textbook update of that survey. Confidence on existence: 0.95; confidence on formal LRR-status: 0.7.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "lrr:ashtekar-pullin-2017-loop-survey", "title": "Loop Quantum Gravity: The First 30 Years (volume editor)", "authors": [ "Abhay Ashtekar", "Jorge Pullin (eds.)" ], "date": "2017-11", "venue": "World Scientific / 100 Years of General Relativity series (canonical anthology cited in 2024-2026 reviews)", "summary": "Multi-author anthology summarizing LQG status circa 2017; chapters by Rovelli, Bianchi, Engle, Perez, Wieland, Bianchi-Dittrich, et al. Functions as field-defining reference in 2024-2026 review literature. Pre-2024 historical anchor (M1) for Bills 1, 2, 8, 9.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pre-2024 anchor included only because routinely re-cited in 2024-2026 review literature. Confidence on existence: 0.9 (well-known World Scientific volume). G3 escape gate; M1 meta-cost.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "lrr:perez-2013-spinfoam-approach", "title": "The Spin-Foam Approach to Quantum Gravity", "authors": [ "Alejandro Perez" ], "date": "2013-02", "venue": "Living Reviews in Relativity 16:3 (2013)", "summary": "Canonical Living Reviews survey of spinfoam quantum gravity; the EPRL/FK amplitude story, semiclassical limit, and continuum-limit open problems. Pre-2024 historical anchor (M1) but continuously cited 2024-2026 as the field-defining LRR reference for Bills 2, 10. Lays out the open problems Bill 10 \u2605 predicts remain unresolved.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.97, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pre-2024 anchor (M1), G3 escape gate. THE canonical LRR spinfoam reference. Establishes that Bill 10 (non-perturbative continuum-limit) was already explicitly flagged open in 2013 \u2014 the 2024-2026 update has not closed it. Confidence: 0.97.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "lrr:loll-2019-quantum-gravity-from-CDT", "title": "Quantum Gravity from Causal Dynamical Triangulations: A Review", "authors": [ "Renate Loll" ], "date": "2019-12", "venue": "Classical and Quantum Gravity 37 (2020) 013002 (Topical Review; also widely cited as 'CDT Living Review' alternate)", "summary": "Comprehensive review of CDT through 2019: phase-A/B/C diagram, dimensional flow d_s -> 2 numerical signature, semiclassical de Sitter recovery in phase C. Functions as the canonical CDT review cited continuously 2024-2026. Bill 3 (CDT dimensional flow) framing source. Pre-2024 anchor (M1) but actively cited.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.95, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Dimensional flow d_s -> 2 at small scales is a robust numerical signature", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pre-2024 anchor (M1) but actively re-cited. Loll has a separate 2020 'Quantum Gravity from Causal Dynamical Triangulations' review in Class. Quantum Grav. 37 013002 (DOI 10.1088/1361-6382/ab57c7). G3 escape gate. Confidence on DOI: 0.85; confidence on existence: 0.97.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "lrr:eichhorn-2019-asymptotic-safety-status", "title": "An asymptotically safe guide to quantum gravity and matter", "authors": [ "Astrid Eichhorn" ], "date": "2019-04", "venue": "Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences 5:47 (2019); precursor to multiple 2024-2026 review chapters", "summary": "Mid-decade summary of asymptotic safety + matter coupling program (Reuter-Saueressig-Eichhorn lineage). Sets out Bill 5 (UV fixed point) framing AND the Bill 8 (matter coupling) sub-program where AS attempts to constrain Standard Model parameters. Pre-2024 anchor cited in 2024-2026 RoPP/CQG reviews as the AS-status reference.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "AS+SM may constrain matter coupling spectrum", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pre-2024 anchor (M1), G3 escape gate; included as orientation for the AS+matter coupling subprogram (Bill 8 \u2605). Confidence on existence: 0.95; on Frontiers attribution: 0.85.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "lrr:surya-2019-causal-set-approach", "title": "The causal set approach to quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Sumati Surya" ], "date": "2019-05", "venue": "Living Reviews in Relativity 22:5 (2019)", "summary": "Canonical LRR causal-set review: sprinkling, BD action, kinematics-to-dynamics gap, signed propagators, Sorkin-style non-locality. THE field-defining reference for Bill 4 (causal-set non-locality). Continuously cited 2024-2026 as the causal-set survey baseline. Pre-2024 anchor (M1) but actively used.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.96, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Sprinkling + Lorentz-invariance preservation by random sampling", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pre-2024 anchor (M1), THE causal-set LRR. Confirms structural status of Bill 11 \u2605 (no observation-distinguishable signature surviving Lorentz-invariance bounds in 2019); 2024-2026 update would need to demonstrate change. Confidence: 0.96.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "lrr:reuter-saueressig-2019-quantum-gravity-and-FRG", "title": "Quantum Gravity and the Functional Renormalization Group: The Road towards Asymptotic Safety", "authors": [ "Martin Reuter", "Frank Saueressig" ], "date": "2019-12", "venue": "Cambridge University Press monograph (referenced as canonical AS resource in 2024-2026 reviews)", "summary": "Canonical CUP monograph on AS via functional renormalization group. Establishes the Reuter fixed-point machinery and modern Wetterich-equation methodology. Cited continuously in 2024-2026 RoPP/CQG asymptotic-safety reviews. Pre-2024 anchor (M1) for Bill 5.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pre-2024 anchor (M1), G3 escape gate. THE CUP AS monograph. Used as 2024-2026 review citation backbone. Confidence on existence/year: 0.95.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "lrr:ashtekar-bianchi-2021-short-review-LQG", "title": "A short review of loop quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Abhay Ashtekar", "Eugenio Bianchi" ], "date": "2021-04", "venue": "Reports on Progress in Physics 84 (2021) 042001", "summary": "RoPP short review of LQG status: kinematical Hilbert space, area/volume operators, spinfoam dynamics, the canonical-vs-covariant tension, open continuum-limit and matter-coupling problems. Establishes that Bill 8 \u2605 and Bill 10 \u2605 remained explicitly open as of 2021 in the canonical RoPP venue. Pre-2024 anchor (M1) but field-defining review.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pre-2024 anchor (M1), G3 escape gate. EXPLICITLY DOCUMENTS Bill 8/10 status as open in RoPP 2021 - direct evidentiary anchor for empty-space hypothesis. Confidence on DOI/year: 0.9; on existence: 0.95.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "ropp:eichhorn-pawlowski-2024-asymptotic-safety-update", "title": "Asymptotic safety in quantum gravity: status and perspectives (post-2023 update)", "authors": [ "Astrid Eichhorn", "Holger Gies", "et al. (collaboration update)" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Reports on Progress in Physics \u2014 alleged 2024 update review (UNVERIFIED)", "summary": "POSSIBLE RoPP 2024 status review of asymptotic safety + matter coupling subprogram. Would document current status of Bill 5 and Bill 8 \u2605. UNVERIFIED \u2014 placeholder for post-2024 RoPP review that the verification sweep should resolve.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "AsymptoticSafety", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "LOW CONFIDENCE \u2014 entry is a placeholder. Verification sweep must confirm whether such a 2024 RoPP review exists from the AS collaboration. Stage 3.5 mandatory check. If exists, would be G3 escape gate.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "rmp:ashtekar-2024-quantum-gravity-perspectives", "title": "Quantum gravity: perspectives from the front lines (alleged RMP review)", "authors": [ "Abhay Ashtekar", "et al." ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Reviews of Modern Physics \u2014 alleged 2024-2026 review (UNVERIFIED)", "summary": "POSSIBLE RMP review of quantum gravity status circa 2024. UNVERIFIED \u2014 placeholder. RMP has historically published quantum-gravity reviews (e.g. Padmanabhan 2010 'Thermodynamical Aspects of Gravity') but the LQG/spinfoam/CDT/causal-set programs have NOT had a dedicated post-2024 RMP review to my knowledge.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.25, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "other:multi-program-review", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "VERY LOW CONFIDENCE. Speculative placeholder for a 2024-2026 RMP review of quantum gravity. Verification sweep must confirm. RMP density on quantum-gravity programs is structurally low \u2014 empty result here is expected. Stage 3.5 mandatory check.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "rmp:padmanabhan-2010-thermodynamics-gravity", "title": "Thermodynamical Aspects of Gravity: New insights", "authors": [ "T. Padmanabhan" ], "date": "2010-01", "venue": "Reports on Progress in Physics 73 (2010) 046901 (NOT RMP \u2014 RoPP; flagged for correction)", "summary": "Field-defining survey of holographic / emergent-gravity discreteness program (Padmanabhan school). Pre-2024 anchor (M1) for Bill 7 (holographic / emergent-gravity discreteness). Establishes the entropy-bound-from-discreteness derivation framework. Continuously cited in 2024-2026 emergent-gravity review literature.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "Holographic", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pre-2024 anchor (M1), G3 escape gate. CORRECTION: this is RoPP 2010 (DOI 10.1088/0034-4885/73/4/046901), NOT RMP. Flagged here under RoPP for proper attribution. Bill 7 lineage anchor. Confidence on DOI: 0.92; on RoPP attribution: 0.95.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "ropp:pithis-sakellariadou-2019-GFT-cosmology", "title": "Group Field Theory Condensate Cosmology: an Appetizer (Universe, NOT RoPP)", "authors": [ "Andreas G. A. Pithis", "Mairi Sakellariadou" ], "date": "2019-04", "venue": "Universe 5(6):147 (2019); flagged as Universe-not-RoPP review", "summary": "Pedagogical review of GFT condensate cosmology (Bill 6) lineage. Pre-2024 anchor (M1), G3 escape gate, framing source for Oriti-Pithis-Sakellariadou primordial-GW closure attempts. Continuously cited 2024-2026 in GFT literature.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Primordial-GW signature from condensate; not derived", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pre-2024 anchor (M1). Universe MDPI not RoPP/RMP \u2014 included with venue clarification. G3 escape gate. Bill 6 lineage anchor. Confidence: 0.9.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "prl:hossenfelder-2024-minimal-length-status", "title": "Minimal length scale scenarios for quantum gravity (alleged PRL retrospective)", "authors": [ "Sabine Hossenfelder" ], "date": "2024", "venue": "Physical Review Letters \u2014 alleged 2024 commentary (UNVERIFIED)", "summary": "POSSIBLE PRL commentary on the status of minimal-length / GUP phenomenology programs. Hossenfelder's 2013 Living Reviews 'Minimal Length Scale Scenarios for Quantum Gravity' (Living Rev. Relativity 16:2) is the canonical anchor; a 2024 PRL commentary would be a structural update. UNVERIFIED \u2014 placeholder.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.2, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "EFT-derived", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Fermi_GRB_dispersion", "HESS_AGN" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "VERY LOW CONFIDENCE \u2014 speculative placeholder. Hossenfelder's 2013 Living Reviews on minimal length is the verified canonical anchor (Living Rev. Relativity 16:2, doi:10.12942/lrr-2013-2, confidence 0.95) \u2014 RECOMMEND replacing this entry with that one in the verification sweep. M3 phenomenological-fit meta-cost.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "lrr:hossenfelder-2013-minimal-length", "title": "Minimal Length Scale Scenarios for Quantum Gravity", "authors": [ "Sabine Hossenfelder" ], "date": "2013-01", "venue": "Living Reviews in Relativity 16:2 (2013), DOI:10.12942/lrr-2013-2", "summary": "Canonical LRR survey of minimal-length / GUP / DSR phenomenological scenarios. Pre-2024 anchor (M1) but the field-defining LRR reference for Bill 11 \u2605 phenomenological adjacency (M3 meta-cost candidates). Documents that all minimal-length scenarios pay M3 (phenomenological-fit, not derived from a closed program). Direct evidentiary anchor for empty-space hypothesis on Bill 11.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.97, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "EFT-derived", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance", "Fermi_GRB_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "GUP modifies uncertainty relation; no derivation from closed QG program", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pre-2024 anchor (M1), G3 escape gate. CANONICAL LRR for Bill 11 \u2605 phenomenological adjacency. Documents that the 2013 status was M3-bounded and 2024-2026 has not closed this. Confidence: 0.97.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "lrr:amelino-camelia-2013-quantum-gravity-phenomenology", "title": "Quantum-Spacetime Phenomenology", "authors": [ "Giovanni Amelino-Camelia" ], "date": "2013-06", "venue": "Living Reviews in Relativity 16:5 (2013), DOI:10.12942/lrr-2013-5", "summary": "Canonical LRR survey of quantum-spacetime phenomenology: Lorentz-violation, in-vacuo dispersion, GRB photon timing, IceCube neutrino bounds, atom interferometry. Pre-2024 anchor (M1) but THE field-defining LRR reference for Bill 11 \u2605 + Bill 12 (Lorentz-invariance bound clearance). Documents that all phenomenology programs pay M3 (phenomenological-fit) or M4 (observable-without-program).", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.97, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "EFT-derived", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance", "Fermi_GRB_dispersion", "HESS_AGN" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Fermi/IceCube/CTA dispersion bound monitoring", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Rainbow gravity / DSR Lorentz-violation phenomenology", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pre-2024 anchor (M1), G3 escape gate. CANONICAL LRR for Bill 11 \u2605 + Bill 12 phenomenology framework. Documents the empty-space frontier as of 2013 \u2014 2024-2026 has not closed it. Confidence: 0.97.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "naturephys:mcculloch-2024-kim-fermi-discrete-spacetime-icecube", "title": "POTENTIAL HIGH-IMPACT DISCRETENESS CLAIM (Nature Physics class) \u2014 UNVERIFIED", "authors": [ "UNKNOWN" ], "date": "2024-2026", "venue": "Nature Physics \u2014 speculative placeholder, NOT verified", "summary": "PLACEHOLDER for any 2024-2026 Nature Physics article making a bold spacetime-discreteness claim from neutrino, GRB, or graviton-dispersion data. UNVERIFIED \u2014 no specific paper identified in this sweep. Verification sweep must search Nature Physics 2024-2026 quantum-gravity-flagged content directly.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate_declaration", "confidence": 0.1, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "EFT-derived", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "IceCube_threshold", "Fermi_GRB_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "VERY LOW CONFIDENCE \u2014 pure placeholder. Nature Physics density of bold discreteness claims 2024-2026 likely is LOW (Nature/Nature Physics historically takes phenomenological observability claims, not formal QG discreteness). Stage 3.5 verification mandatory. Empty result here is consistent with Bill 11 \u2605 empty-space hypothesis.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "science:no-discreteness-claim-2024-2026", "title": "PREDICTED EMPTY: Science magazine 2024-2026 quantum-gravity-discreteness research articles", "authors": [], "date": "2024-2026", "venue": "Science", "summary": "PREDICTED-EMPTY entry. Sweep prediction: Science magazine published ZERO research articles 2024-2026 making a bold spacetime-discreteness claim that engages a closed QG program (LQG/CDT/causal-set/AS/GFT). Science's QG coverage is dominated by news/perspective pieces on detector results (GW, EHT, IceCube), not formal discreteness derivations. This is the structural empty-space test.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "other:venue-prediction", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "STRUCTURAL PREDICTION: Science 2024-2026 contains zero formal QG discreteness derivations. Confidence 0.85 from prior on Science's editorial scope (favors detector-results + biology/medicine over formal theory). Verification sweep should confirm by direct Science table-of-contents scan 2024-2026.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "prl:carlip-2024-spacetime-foam-bound-update", "title": "POTENTIAL PRL \u2014 spacetime-foam observational bound update", "authors": [ "Steven Carlip" ], "date": "2024-2026", "venue": "Physical Review Letters \u2014 possible 2024-2026 update (UNVERIFIED, but Carlip 2008 PRL bound is anchor)", "summary": "POSSIBLE PRL Carlip-style update on spacetime-foam observational bounds. Carlip's 2008 work (Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 021301) on spacetime foam and the high-z image visibility constraint is the canonical anchor. A 2024-2026 update using JWST or Roman survey data would be high-impact. UNVERIFIED.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate_declaration", "confidence": 0.3, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:foam-phenomenology", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "JWST/Roman high-z imaging", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "LOW CONFIDENCE for 2024-2026; HIGH CONFIDENCE Carlip-Mosna-Pleitez 2008-2017 lineage exists. Verification sweep should query PRL 2024-2026 for Carlip authorship. M4 watch-list candidate.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "prl:placeholder-multiprogram-discreteness-2024", "title": "PREDICTED EMPTY: PRL article cleanly triggering Bill 13 \u2605 (multi-program convergence) 2024-2026", "authors": [], "date": "2024-2026", "venue": "Physical Review Letters", "summary": "PREDICTED-EMPTY structural entry. Empty-space hypothesis predicts NO PRL paper 2024-2026 demonstrates clean multi-program convergence on a discreteness signature (LQG and CDT predicting same area scale from independent derivations, etc.) without paying M2 (formal-coincidence). All claimed cross-program agreements trace to common ell_P input.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "other:cross-program-prediction", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "STRUCTURAL EMPTY-SPACE PREDICTION for Bill 13 \u2605. Cross-program convergence in PRL 2024-2026 expected to be ZERO. Confidence 0.85 from structural prior (cross-program convergence requires coordinated derivations, has never occurred in field). Verification sweep should scan PRL 2024-2026 quantum-gravity for cross-program convergence claims.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "cmp:fewster-verch-2024-axiomatic-QFT-causal-set", "title": "POTENTIAL CMP \u2014 axiomatic / formal causal-set QFT result 2024-2026", "authors": [ "Christopher J. Fewster", "Rainer Verch", "et al." ], "date": "2024-2026", "venue": "Communications in Mathematical Physics \u2014 possible 2024-2026 (UNVERIFIED)", "summary": "POSSIBLE CMP formal-axiomatic paper on causal-set or LQG QFT structure. Fewster-Verch axiomatic-QFT lineage has produced multiple CMP papers. UNVERIFIED placeholder \u2014 verification sweep should query CMP 2024-2026 for QG-program-flagged papers. Even if found, would pay M2 (formal-only).", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.3, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "LOW CONFIDENCE placeholder. CMP density on QG-discreteness 2024-2026 likely modest, all M2-bounded. Verification sweep mandatory.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "annurev-nps:placeholder-quantum-gravity-2024-2026", "title": "PREDICTED EMPTY: Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 2024-2026 quantum-gravity reviews", "authors": [], "date": "2024-2026", "venue": "Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science", "summary": "PREDICTED-EMPTY structural entry. Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. occasionally publishes QG-adjacent reviews (e.g. Liberati 2013 'Tests of Lorentz invariance: a 2013 update' is the canonical anchor in Class. Quantum Grav., not Annu. Rev.). Direct QG-discreteness reviews in this venue 2024-2026 expected to be SPARSE.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.7, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "other:venue-prediction", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "STRUCTURAL VENUE PREDICTION. Verification sweep should scan Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 2024-2026 ToC. Empty result expected and consistent with Bill 11/13 \u2605 empty-space hypothesis.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "cqg:liberati-2013-tests-lorentz-invariance", "title": "Tests of Lorentz invariance: a 2013 update", "authors": [ "Stefano Liberati" ], "date": "2013-08", "venue": "Classical and Quantum Gravity 30 (2013) 133001 (Topical Review; flagged here as adjacent G3 anchor)", "summary": "Canonical CQG topical review of Lorentz-invariance tests circa 2013. Continuously cited 2024-2026 as the framing reference for Bill 12 (Lorentz-invariance bound clearance). Pre-2024 anchor (M1), G3 escape gate. Documents that all QG-discreteness claims must clear stringent LIV bounds.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.95, "watchlist_tier": null, "program": "EFT-derived", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance", "Fermi_GRB_dispersion", "HESS_AGN", "IceCube_threshold" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Pre-2024 anchor (M1), G3 escape gate. CANONICAL Bill 12 framing. Confidence on DOI: 0.95 (well-known); on attribution: 0.97. Belongs to sweep 1108 (observational bounds) but included here as adjacent context anchor for high-impact venues.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "naturephys:abdalla-perl-fermi-icecube-grb-bound-2024-2026", "title": "PREDICTED-EMPTY-OR-RARE: Nature Physics 2024-2026 Fermi/IceCube QG bound papers", "authors": [], "date": "2024-2026", "venue": "Nature Physics", "summary": "PREDICTED-EMPTY-OR-RARE structural entry. Nature Physics 2024-2026 may publish Fermi-LAT or IceCube collaboration LIV-bound papers (covered by sweep 1108 watch-list). These would be M4 (observable-without-program-backing). Direct discreteness claims from a closed QG program in Nature Physics expected to be SPARSE.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.7, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:phenomenology-bounds", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Fermi_GRB_dispersion", "IceCube_threshold", "HESS_AGN" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": false, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Fermi-LAT, IceCube, CTA", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "STRUCTURAL PREDICTION for Nature Physics QG-bound papers 2024-2026. Verification sweep should query Nature Physics 2024-2026 for collaboration-authored LIV-bound papers. Cross-coupled to sweep 1108 (observational bounds).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "ropp:dittrich-thiemann-2024-coarse-graining-LQG", "title": "POTENTIAL RoPP / CMP \u2014 coarse-graining and continuum limit in LQG/spinfoam 2024-2026", "authors": [ "Bianca Dittrich", "Thomas Thiemann", "et al." ], "date": "2024-2026", "venue": "Reports on Progress in Physics or Communications in Mathematical Physics \u2014 possible 2024-2026 (UNVERIFIED)", "summary": "POSSIBLE 2024-2026 RoPP/CMP review of coarse-graining + continuum-limit progress in spinfoam LQG (Dittrich-Geiller-Steinhaus lineage). Would directly engage Bill 10 \u2605 (non-perturbative continuum-limit emergence). UNVERIFIED placeholder. If found, expected to pay M5 (single-program-numerical) or M6 (resource-unbounded simulation).", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.4, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "LOW-MEDIUM CONFIDENCE placeholder. Dittrich-Geiller-Steinhaus continuum-limit work is canonical-anchor for Bill 10 \u2605. A 2024-2026 RoPP-class review would be high-priority for verification. Direct relevance to Bill 10 empty-space hypothesis.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "lrr:bambi-modesto-rachwal-2024-rotating-regular-bh-review", "title": "POTENTIAL Living Reviews / Universe / RoPP \u2014 quantum-gravity-corrected black hole review 2024-2026", "authors": [ "Cosimo Bambi", "Leonardo Modesto", "Les\u0142aw Rachwa\u0142", "et al." ], "date": "2024-2026", "venue": "Living Reviews in Relativity / Universe / RoPP \u2014 possible 2024-2026 review (UNVERIFIED)", "summary": "POSSIBLE 2024-2026 review of quantum-gravity-corrected black holes (regular BH metrics, Hayward / Bardeen / Modesto-style nonlocal-gravity BHs). Adjacent to Bills 5, 7. UNVERIFIED placeholder. If found, would be G3 escape gate (review) or M3 (phenomenological-fit).", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.35, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:nonlocal-gravity", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "EHT BH shadow imaging", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "EHT-distinguishable BH metric corrections", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "LOW CONFIDENCE placeholder. Bambi has multiple LRR/Universe BH reviews; verification sweep should query 2024-2026. Adjacent Bill 11 \u2605 candidate via EHT pathway, but expected to pay M3.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "lrr:dowker-surya-2024-causal-set-update", "title": "POTENTIAL Living Reviews 2024-2026 causal-set update", "authors": [ "Fay Dowker", "Sumati Surya", "et al." ], "date": "2024-2026", "venue": "Living Reviews in Relativity \u2014 possible 2024-2026 update (UNVERIFIED)", "summary": "POSSIBLE 2024-2026 LRR update on causal-set theory progress (post-Surya 2019 LRR). Would directly engage Bills 4, 10 \u2605, 11 \u2605. UNVERIFIED placeholder. If found, would be G3 escape gate but high-priority context anchor for Bill 11 \u2605 empty-space status.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.3, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "LOW CONFIDENCE placeholder. Verification sweep should query LRR 2024-2026 for causal-set updates. G3 escape gate.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "ropp:steinhaus-2025-spinfoam-numerics-status", "title": "POTENTIAL RoPP \u2014 spinfoam numerics status 2024-2026", "authors": [ "Sebastian Steinhaus", "Pietropaolo Frisoni", "et al." ], "date": "2024-2026", "venue": "Reports on Progress in Physics \u2014 possible 2024-2026 (UNVERIFIED)", "summary": "POSSIBLE RoPP review of spinfoam numerical methods (sl2cfoam-next, asymptotic methods, GPU implementations). Directly relevant to Bill 10 \u2605 (non-perturbative continuum-limit) and Bill 2. UNVERIFIED placeholder. Recent Steinhaus-Frisoni spinfoam-numerics activity would suggest RoPP-class survey is plausible.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M5", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.3, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "Spinfoam", "discreteness_observable": "area_eigenvalue", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "LOW CONFIDENCE placeholder. Steinhaus-Frisoni-Dona spinfoam numerics is the cleanest 2024-2026 LQG/spinfoam numerical-progress thread. Verification sweep should query RoPP/CQG/CMP 2024-2026 for review-class numerics papers. Bill 10 \u2605 relevance.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "lrr:loll-2024-CDT-update-status", "title": "POTENTIAL Living Reviews 2024-2026 CDT update", "authors": [ "Renate Loll", "Jan Ambj\u00f8rn", "et al." ], "date": "2024-2026", "venue": "Living Reviews in Relativity \u2014 possible 2024-2026 update (UNVERIFIED)", "summary": "POSSIBLE 2024-2026 LRR update of CDT status (post-Loll 2020 CQG topical review). Directly engages Bills 3, 10 \u2605. UNVERIFIED placeholder. If found, would be G3 escape gate.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.3, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CDT", "discreteness_observable": "dimensional_flow", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Dimensional flow d_s -> 2 numerical signature", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "LOW CONFIDENCE placeholder. Verification sweep should query LRR/RoPP/CQG 2024-2026 for CDT review-class updates. G3 escape gate.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "lrr:oriti-2024-GFT-cosmology-update", "title": "POTENTIAL Living Reviews / RoPP 2024-2026 GFT update", "authors": [ "Daniele Oriti", "et al." ], "date": "2024-2026", "venue": "Living Reviews in Relativity / Reports on Progress in Physics \u2014 possible 2024-2026 review (UNVERIFIED)", "summary": "POSSIBLE 2024-2026 LRR/RoPP update on GFT condensate cosmology (Oriti-Pithis-Sakellariadou lineage, post-2019 status). Bills 6, 10 \u2605, 11 \u2605 relevance. UNVERIFIED placeholder. If found, would be G3 escape gate.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M1", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.3, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "GFT", "discreteness_observable": "primordial_GW_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "asymptotic_only", "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "LISA primordial-GW-spectrum (post-2034)", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Primordial-GW signature from condensate, not derived", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "LOW CONFIDENCE placeholder. Verification sweep should query LRR/RoPP 2024-2026 for GFT review-class updates. Bill 11 \u2605 pathway via LISA but post-2034 timeline.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1107_reviews_high_impact" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.12070", "title": "KM3NeT Constraint on Lorentz-Violating Superluminal Neutrino Velocity", "authors": [ "KM3NeT Collaboration" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "Communications Physics 2025; arxiv:astro-ph.HE 2025-02", "summary": "Uses the highest-energy neutrino ever detected (KM3-230213A, ~220 PeV) to derive \u03b4 \u2261 c\u00b2\u03bd \u2212 1 < 4\u00d710\u207b\u00b2\u00b2 assuming an extragalactic source. Most stringent neutrino-based superluminal Lorentz-violation constraint to date. Pure observational bound; does not invoke a specific QG program.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.95, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance", "IceCube_threshold" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "KM3NeT/ARCA full-array follow-up + IceCube-Gen2 cross-check", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified via arxiv abstract. Strong M4 watch-list anchor \u2014 currently the world-leading neutrino superluminal bound. Confidence 0.95.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.18256", "title": "Constraints on Lorentz-invariance violation in the neutrino sector from the ultrahigh-energy event KM3-230213A", "authors": [ "Yu-Ming Yang", "Xing-Jian Lv", "Xiao-Jun Bi", "Peng-Fei Yin" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "arxiv:hep-ph 2025-02", "summary": "Independent theoretical analysis of KM3-230213A. Sets second-order LIV scale > 5.0\u00d710\u00b9\u2079 GeV at 90% CL, derived from absence of LIV-induced neutrino decay channels at this energy. Phenomenological-LIV framework, no specific QG program backing.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance", "IceCube_threshold" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "KM3NeT high-statistics follow-up", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified. Companion analysis to 2502.12070; same event, complementary constraint via decay-channel modification. Useful M4 watch-list cross-check.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2603.04264", "title": "Atmospheric neutrino constraints on Lorentz invariance violation with the first six detection units of KM3NeT/ORCA", "authors": [ "KM3NeT Collaboration" ], "date": "2026-03", "venue": "arxiv:hep-ex 2026-03", "summary": "Analyzes 1.4 years of atmospheric neutrino data from a partial KM3NeT/ORCA detector (six units) to constrain isotropic SME Lorentz-violating coefficients. No evidence found; competitive limits complementing IceCube and Super-K constraints. Pure observational bound paper.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "other:SME_phenomenological", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "KM3NeT/ORCA full-array completion 2027+", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified. KM3NeT/ORCA is the European complement to IceCube. Monthly watch-list as program enters full-array operation.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2308.00105", "title": "Searching for Decoherence from Quantum Gravity at the IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory", "authors": [ "IceCube Collaboration" ], "date": "2023-08", "venue": "Nature Physics 20, 913-920 (2024)", "summary": "Atmospheric neutrinos 0.5-10 TeV used to search for Planck-scale spacetime fluctuations inducing neutrino decoherence. No anomalous decoherence found: \u0393\u2080 \u2264 1.17\u00d710\u207b\u00b9\u2075 eV (30\u00d7 improvement over priors). For energy-dependent models, six-orders-of-magnitude improvement. Significantly surpasses naive Planck-scale expectation.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.95, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "other:Lindblad_decoherence", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance", "neutron_interferometry" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "IceCube-Gen2 (10\u00d7 sensitivity)", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 published in Nature Physics 2024. Flagship IceCube QG decoherence result. Constrains generic Planck-scale spacetime-foam models without engaging specific program. Critical M4 watch-list anchor.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2507.12316", "title": "Search for Quantum Decoherence with 10.7 years of atmospheric \u03bd_\u03bc events in IceCube", "authors": [ "Tanvi Krishnan", "IceCube Collaboration" ], "date": "2025-07", "venue": "ICRC2025 proceedings; arxiv:hep-ex 2025-07", "summary": "10.7-year atmospheric \u03bd_\u03bc analysis (0.5-100 TeV), extending energy range and statistics over 2308.00105. Improved reconstruction + larger sample. Sensitivity improvements expected for energy-dependent decoherence models.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "other:Lindblad_decoherence", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "IceCube-Gen2 + KM3NeT/ARCA combined fit", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified. ICRC proceedings; expanded sample. Companion to 2308.00105.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.13061", "title": "Decoherence from quantum spacetime noise: An open-systems framework with application to neutrino oscillations", "authors": [ "Partha Nandi", "Tiasha Bhattacharyya", "A. S. Majumdar", "Graeme Pleasance", "Francesco Petruccione" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "Phys. Rev. Research 8, 023130 (2026)", "summary": "Lindblad master equation derived from \u03ba-Minkowski noncommutative geometry, with E\u207b\u2074 scaling. Predicts negligible decoherence for high-E neutrinos (consistent with IceCube), stronger effects at very low E (relevant to C\u03bdB). Connects a specific deformed-symmetry program to neutrino observable.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_12", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:noncommutative_kappa_Minkowski", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance", "IceCube_threshold" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "PTOLEMY / cosmic neutrino background detection", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "E\u207b\u2074 scaling distinguishes from standard EFT decoherence", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified. Borderline Bill_12 candidate: program is \u03ba-Minkowski (specific deformed-symmetry framework, not full QG program), but claims falsifiable IceCube-scale prediction. Notes 'consistent with IceCube observations' \u2014 does not breach Bill 11.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2409.12633", "title": "Potential of Neutrino Telescopes to Detect Quantum Gravity-Induced Decoherence in the Presence of Dark Fermions", "authors": [ "Alba Domi", "Thomas Eberl", "Dominik Hellmann", "Sara Krieg", "Heinrich P\u00e4s" ], "date": "2024-09", "venue": "JCAP 01 (2025) 063", "summary": "Phenomenological framework for QG decoherence with active+sterile/dark fermion sectors. Computes IceCube sensitivity. Pure phenomenological-fit model.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:Lindblad_decoherence", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "IceCube-Gen2 + KM3NeT/ARCA", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified. Phenomenological model fitting an effective decoherence parameter; no QG program backing. M3 (phenomenological-fit).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2408.15949", "title": "Probing Lorentz invariance with a high-energy neutrino flare", "authors": [ "Mauricio Bustamante", "John Ellis", "Rostislav Konoplich", "Alexander S. Sakharov" ], "date": "2024-08", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111, 123031 (2025)", "summary": "Non-parametric analysis of TXS 0506+056 2014/2015 IceCube neutrino flare. LIV energy scale > 10\u00b9\u2074 GeV (linear) / 10\u2079 GeV (quadratic). Method does not require EM counterpart.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "IceCube long-term monitoring of blazar flares", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 Phys. Rev. D 2025. Pure observational LIV bound; M4 watch-list.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2604.19880", "title": "Ultra-High-Energy Tau Neutrinos as Probes of Lorentz Invariance", "authors": [ "Vedran Brdar", "Samiur R. Mir" ], "date": "2026-04", "venue": "arxiv:hep-ph 2026-04", "summary": "Studies GRAND and POEMMA sensitivity to LIV via tau-neutrino fraction in cosmogenic flux. LIV operators modify standard flavor-evolution; deviations show up as event-rate changes. Sensitivities exceed existing constraints by orders of magnitude.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "GRAND + POEMMA next-decade", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified. Recent (2026-04) sensitivity-projection paper. Connects future radio-array detectors to LIV phenomenology.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2402.06009", "title": "Stringent Tests of Lorentz Invariance Violation from LHAASO Observations of GRB 221009A", "authors": [ "LHAASO Collaboration" ], "date": "2024-02", "venue": "Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 071501 (2024)", "summary": "LHAASO observation of TeV afterglow of GRB 221009A yields E_QG,1 > 10\u00d7 E_Planck for linear, E_QG,2 > 6\u00d710\u207b\u2078 E_Planck for quadratic LIV at 95% CL. Strongest published QG bound from gamma-ray time-of-flight to date.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.97, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Fermi_GRB_dispersion", "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "LHAASO continued GRB monitoring; CTA cross-check", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 PRL 2024. Most-cited recent observational LIV bound from GRBs. Critical M4 watch-list anchor.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2312.09079", "title": "Constraints on Lorentz invariance violation from the LHAASO observation of GRB 221009A", "authors": [ "Yu-Ming Yang", "Xiao-Jun Bi", "Peng-Fei Yin" ], "date": "2023-12", "venue": "JCAP 04 (2024) 060", "summary": "Maximum-likelihood + pair-view analysis of LHAASO WCDA + KM2A data on GRB 221009A. E_QG,1 > 14.7 (6.5)\u00d710\u00b9\u2079 GeV at 95% CL for subluminal (superluminal) at n=1.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.95, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Fermi_GRB_dispersion", "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "follow-up GRBs", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 JCAP 2024. Independent analysis of GRB 221009A complementing LHAASO collaboration result.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2508.00656", "title": "Constraints on Lorentz Invariance Violation from GRB 221009A Using the DisCan Method", "authors": [ "Yu Xi", "Fu-Wen Shu" ], "date": "2025-08", "venue": "Chinese Physics C (accepted)", "summary": "DisCan (dispersion-cancellation) method on LHAASO GRB 221009A photon timing. Linear: > 5.4 (2.7) \u00d710\u00b9\u2079 GeV subluminal (superluminal). Quadratic: > 10.0 (2.4) \u00d710\u00b9\u00b2 GeV. Robust to entropy choice.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Fermi_GRB_dispersion", "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "method extension to other GRBs", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified. Methodological refinement on GRB 221009A constraints.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2508.02883", "title": "Bounding anisotropic Lorentz Invariance Violation from measurements of the effective energy scale of quantum gravity", "authors": [ "Merce Guerrero", "Anna Campoy-Ordaz", "Robertus Potting", "Markus Gaug" ], "date": "2025-08", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D (2025/2026)", "summary": "Standardizes existing time-of-flight LIV bounds (GRBs, AGN, pulsars) into SME photon-sector coefficients. Improves bounds by ~1 order of magnitude through systematic re-analysis. Pure SME-phenomenological framework.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:SME_phenomenological", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance", "Fermi_GRB_dispersion", "HESS_AGN" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CTA AGN spectrum; future GRB observations", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 Phys. Rev. D. Critical methodological paper translating raw TOF results into uniform SME coefficients.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2504.00918", "title": "Lorentz Invariance Violation from Gamma-Ray Bursts", "authors": [ "Hanlin Song", "Bo-Qiang Ma" ], "date": "2025-04", "venue": "Astrophys. J. 983, 9 (2025)", "summary": "Multi-instrument (FGST, MAGIC, LHAASO) analysis of 17 high-E photons from 10 GRBs (33.58 GeV to 14.04 TeV at source frame). Estimates LIV energy scale ~3\u00d710\u00b9\u2077 GeV; rejects null at 3.1\u03c3. NOTABLE: weak signal claim, not a clean bound.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate_declaration", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Fermi_GRB_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CTA + LHAASO continued", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [ { "paper_id": "arxiv:2512.22875", "summary": "Hierarchical Bayesian re-analysis of 32 GRBs with positive-to-negative spectral lag transitions; finds NO significant LIV evidence in current GRB lag observations." } ], "notes": "Verified \u2014 ApJ 2025. Claims a 3.1\u03c3 LIV signal \u2014 needs gate-declaration: rebuttal paper 2512.22875 disputes the claim. Listed monthly watch-list because of unsettled status.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2512.22875", "title": "Hierarchical Test of Lorentz Invariance with Gamma-Ray Burst Spectral-Lag Measurements", "authors": [ "Shen-Shi Du", "Yi Gong", "Jun-Jie Wei", "Zi-Ke Liu", "Zhi-Qiang You", "Yan-Zhi Meng", "Xing-Jiang Zhu" ], "date": "2025-12", "venue": "Astrophys. J. (accepted)", "summary": "Hierarchical Bayesian analysis of 32 GRBs with positive-to-negative spectral lag transitions. E_QG,1 \u2265 4.37\u00d710\u00b9\u2076 GeV, E_QG,2 \u2265 3.02\u00d710\u2078 GeV. ~90% probability LIV signature is below Planck scale; concludes 'no significant evidence for LIV signatures.'", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "rebuttal_paper", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Fermi_GRB_dispersion", "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "more GRBs with reliable spectral-lag measurements", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified. Direct rebuttal to Song-Ma 2504.00918 LIV signal claim. Bayesian hierarchical methodology is methodologically stronger.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2406.07140", "title": "Constraints on Lorentz invariance violation from the extraordinary Mrk 421 flare of 2014 using a novel analysis method", "authors": [ "MAGIC Collaboration" ], "date": "2024-06", "venue": "JCAP 07, 044 (2024)", "summary": "MAGIC observation of 2014 Mrk 421 flare (>100 GeV photons) with new binned-likelihood. Linear: E_QG > 2.7\u00d710\u00b9\u2077 (subluminal) / 3.6\u00d710\u00b9\u2077 GeV (superluminal). Quadratic: E_QG > 2.6\u00d710\u00b9\u2070 / 2.5\u00d710\u00b9\u2070 GeV.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.95, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "HESS_AGN", "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "MAGIC continuing AGN flare monitoring + CTA", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 JCAP 2024. Major MAGIC LIV result on AGN flare. M4 watch-list anchor.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2406.01182", "title": "Separating source-intrinsic and Lorentz invariance violation induced delays in the very high-energy emission of blazar flares", "authors": [ "C. Levy", "H. Sol", "J. Bolmont" ], "date": "2024-06", "venue": "A&A 689, A136 (2024)", "summary": "Methodology paper for distinguishing intrinsic blazar-flare delays from Planck-scale LIV-induced delays via Euclidean distance + spectral hardness-intensity diagrams. Provides templates for HESS/MAGIC/CTA pipelines.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "HESS_AGN" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CTA TeV AGN observations", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 A&A 2024. Important methodological contribution for CTA-era LIV searches.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2509.14818", "title": "Searching for Lorentz invariance violation with artificial neural networks", "authors": [ "Tomislav Terzi\u0107", "Karlo Mrakov\u010di\u0107" ], "date": "2025-09", "venue": "ICRC 2025 proceedings", "summary": "ML approach combining multiple LIV effects (energy-dependent velocity, photon decay, vacuum birefringence, modified absorption) in a single analysis. Methodology paper for next-gen IACT searches.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "HESS_AGN" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CTA + LHAASO continued", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified. ICRC proceedings; ML methodology paper.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.23410", "title": "Using artificial neural networks in searches for Lorentz invariance violation", "authors": [ "Tomislav Terzi\u0107" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "EPJ Web Conf. 319, 06001 (2025)", "summary": "RICAP-24 proceedings paper on ML to test Lorentz violation in gamma rays \u2014 combined energy-dependent velocity + modified absorption test. Earlier ML methodology proposal.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "HESS_AGN" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CTA", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 EPJ Web Conf.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.18277", "title": "New Tests on Lorentz Invariance Violation Using Energy-Resolved Polarimetry of Gamma-Ray Bursts", "authors": [ "Jun-Jie Wei" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "Astrophys. J. (accepted)", "summary": "Vacuum-birefringence test using energy-resolved GRB polarimetry from 5 bright GRBs. Constrains birefringent parameter \u03b7 < O(10\u207b\u00b9\u2075\u201310\u207b\u00b9\u2076) at 95% CL \u2014 8 orders of magnitude better than optical polarimetry.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "POLAR-2 + future GRB polarimetry", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 ApJ. Best-in-class vacuum birefringence bound.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2511.00497", "title": "Testing general relativity with gravitational waves -- improving and extending Modified Dispersion Relation tests", "authors": [ "Tomasz Baka", "Bal\u00e1zs Cirok", "K. Haris", "Johannes Noller", "N. V. Krishnendu" ], "date": "2025-11", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-11", "summary": "Reanalyzes GWTC-3 with improved velocity parametrization and refined sampling. Graviton-mass upper bound improved from 2.42\u00d710\u207b\u00b9\u00b9 to 2.21\u00d710\u207b\u00b9\u00b9 peV. No evidence for GR violation.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "other:massive_gravity", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "O5 + LISA", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified. Latest LVK MDR test improvement; M4 watch-list anchor.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2404.14684", "title": "Tests of gravitational wave propagation with LIGO-Virgo catalog", "authors": [ "Xian-Liang Wang", "Shu-Cheng Yang", "Wen-Biao Han" ], "date": "2024-04", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2024-04", "summary": "GWTC-2.1 + GWTC-3 BBH analysis testing massive-gravity + WEP-violation frequency-dependent GW propagation. No evidence found; Bayes factors prefer GR.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:massive_gravity", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "O5 + Einstein Telescope", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2511.04010", "title": "Probing Gravitational Wave Speed and Dispersion with LISA Observations of Supermassive Black Hole Binary Populations", "authors": [ "Tian-Yong Cao", "Shu-Xu Yi" ], "date": "2025-11", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D (accepted)", "summary": "Forecasts LISA 5-year graviton-mass constraints from SMBH binary populations: 9.05\u20139.50\u00d710\u207b\u00b2\u2077 eV/c\u00b2; 10\u207b\u00b2\u2076 to 10\u207b\u00b2\u2074 eV/c\u00b2 with EM counterparts (waveform-independent). M4 watch-list, important LISA-prep paper.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "other:massive_gravity", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "LISA launch 2035+", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 Phys. Rev. D. Key LISA-prep observational forecast paper.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2509.01614", "title": "Probing modified gravitational-wave dispersion with bursts from eccentric black-hole binaries", "authors": [ "Nicholas Loutrel", "Ava Bailey", "Davide Gerosa" ], "date": "2025-09", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 43, 075010 (2026)", "summary": "Fisher analysis of LIGO eccentric BBH data: massive gravity + multifractional spacetimes weaker than current bounds; Ho\u0159ava-Lifshitz could improve constraints by 1\u20133 orders. Bridges QG-program-specific predictions and observational data.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_12", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:Horava_Lifshitz_and_multifractional", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "LIGO O4+ eccentric BBH detections", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Ho\u0159ava-Lifshitz prediction could be falsified at 1-3 orders better than current", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 CQG 2026. Borderline Bill_12 candidate: connects multiple specific QG programs (Ho\u0159ava-Lifshitz, multifractional spacetime) to observational predictions. Engages Lorentz-invariance bound clearance.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2505.22736", "title": "Lorentz Violation with Gravitational Waves: Constraints from NANOGrav and IPTA Data", "authors": [ "Alireza Allahyari", "Mohammadreza Davari", "David F. Mota" ], "date": "2025-05", "venue": "JHEAp (DOI: 10.1016/j.jheap.2025.100448)", "summary": "Modified gravitational action with extrinsic curvature derivative terms breaking Lorentz symmetry. Confronted with NANOGrav 15-yr + IPTA DR2: M_LV > 10\u207b\u00b9\u2079 GeV at 68% CL.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:Lorentz_violating_gravity", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "PTA continued + future arrays", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 JHEAp.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.11956", "title": "Modified gravitational wave propagations in linearized gravity with Lorentz and diffeomorphism violations and their gravitational wave constraints", "authors": [ "Qiang Wang", "Jian-Ming Yan", "Tao Zhu", "Wen Zhao" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111, 084064 (2025)", "summary": "Bayesian inference on GWTC-3 of d=2 and d=3 SME operators (Lorentz+diffeomorphism violation in linearized gravity). No evidence for violation; confidence intervals on coefficients.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:SME_phenomenological", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion", "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "O4 + LISA", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 Phys. Rev. D 2025.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2506.08859", "title": "Gravitational-wave generation in the presence of Lorentz invariance violation", "authors": [ "Samy Aoulad Lafkih", "Marie-Christine Angonin", "Christophe Le Poncin-Lafitte", "Nils A. Nilsson" ], "date": "2025-06", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-06", "summary": "Multipolar Post-Minkowskian computation of GW emission with SME LIV operators. Targets LISA-band sensitivity to SME coefficients.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:SME_phenomenological", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "LISA", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2505.22892", "title": "Signatures of Correlation of Spacetime Fluctuations in Laser Interferometers", "authors": [ "B. Sharmila", "Sander M. Vermeulen", "Animesh Datta" ], "date": "2025-05", "venue": "Nature Communications 17, 701 (2026)", "summary": "Maps three classes of spacetime-fluctuation correlation functions to laser-interferometer outputs (LIGO, QUEST, GQuEST). Provides framework distinguishing models. M4 watch-list \u2014 pure observational/instrumentation paper.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:spacetime_foam_phenomenological", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "GQuEST + QUEST commissioning 2026+", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "broadband signatures distinguish 3 model classes", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 Nature Communications. Major instrumentation prep paper for next-gen Holometer-class experiments.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2502.06104", "title": "Transportable Optical Lattice Clocks and General Relativity", "authors": [ "Hisaaki Shinkai", "Masao Takamoto", "Hidetoshi Katori" ], "date": "2025-02", "venue": "Int. J. Mod. Phys. D (2025); also in book 'One Hundred and Ten Years of General Relativity' ed. W.-T. Ni", "summary": "Reviews transportable Sr OLCs at 10\u207b\u00b9\u2078 uncertainty: gravitational redshift between RIKEN and Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo Skytree experiments. Discusses LLI/LPI tests at unprecedented precision.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.95, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "other:atomic_clock_LLI", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "OLC networks; space-based OLCs", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 IJMPD 2025. Highly relevant M4 watch-list anchor for matter-sector LLI tests.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2406.03804", "title": "Exploring the dynamical interplay between mass-energy equivalence, interactions and entanglement in an optical lattice clock", "authors": [ "Anjun Chu", "Victor J. Mart\u00ednez-Lahuerta", "Maya Miklos", "Kyungtae Kim", "Peter Zoller", "Klemens Hammerer", "Jun Ye", "Ana Maria Rey" ], "date": "2024-06", "venue": "Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 093201 (2025)", "summary": "Proposes OLC protocols using entangled spin states to discriminate gravitational redshift from second-order Doppler. Light-mediated interactions + gravity \u2192 entanglement and spin synchronization.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:atomic_clock_LLI", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Sr OLC entanglement protocols", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 PRL 2025.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2412.09730", "title": "Lorentz and CPT violation and the hydrogen and antihydrogen molecular ions I -- rovibrational states", "authors": [ "Graham M. Shore" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "arxiv:physics.atom-ph 2024-12", "summary": "Predicts that H\u2082\u207a/anti-H\u2082\u207a rovibrational transitions probe SME at 10\u207b\u00b9\u2077 precision \u2014 enhanced over atomic transitions. Theoretical/template paper for ALPHA/BASE follow-ups.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:SME_phenomenological", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "ALPHA antihydrogen / future H\u2082\u207a spectroscopy", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2401.14742", "title": "Violation of the equivalence principle induced by oscillating rest mass and transition frequency, and its detection in atom interferometers", "authors": [ "Jordan Gu\u00e9", "Aur\u00e9lien Hees", "Peter Wolf" ], "date": "2024-01", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 110, 035005 (2024)", "summary": "ULDM-induced oscillating rest-mass / transition frequency creates differential phase shift in atom interferometer. Compares MICROSCOPE, AION-10 gradiometer, MAGIS-100 SPID sensitivity. SPID setup more sensitive to ULDM.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:atom_interferometry_LLI", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "AION + MAGIS-100", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 Phys. Rev. D 2024.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2412.14282", "title": "Massive graviton dark matter searches with long-baseline atom interferometers", "authors": [ "Diego Blas", "John Carlton", "Christopher McCabe" ], "date": "2024-12", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 111, 115020 (2025)", "summary": "Spin-2 ULDM phase shifts in long-baseline atom interferometers via scalar/vector/tensor interactions. Covers Fierz-Pauli + LIV scenarios. Atom interferometers probe regions inaccessible to laser GW detectors.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:atom_interferometry_LLI", "discreteness_observable": "graviton_anomalous_dim", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance", "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "AION-100 + MAGIS-100", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 Phys. Rev. D 2025.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2401.17055", "title": "Ultralight scalar and axion dark matter detection with atom interferometers", "authors": [ "Wei Zhao", "Hui Liu", "Xitong Mei" ], "date": "2024-01", "venue": "arxiv:hep-ph 2024-01", "summary": "Differential phase shift in pair of separated atom interferometers from scalar+axion ULDM. Coupling-parameter constraints. Pure observational dark-matter / fundamental-physics test.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:atom_interferometry_LLI", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "AION + MAGIS-100", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2311.11038", "title": "New limits on the local Lorentz invariance violation of gravity in the Standard-Model Extension with pulsars", "authors": [ "Yiming Dong", "Ziming Wang", "Lijing Shao" ], "date": "2023-11", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 109, 084024 (2024)", "summary": "12-pulsar / 25-test analysis: 8 linear combinations of SME LV coefficients constrained, 2-3\u00d7 improvement. Predicts MSP spin-precession could give 3-4 orders improvement.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.95, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:SME_phenomenological", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "MeerKAT + SKA pulsar timing", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 Phys. Rev. D 2024. Strong M4 watch-list anchor for gravity-sector SME.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2602.00867", "title": "A Local Lorentz Invariance test with LAGEOS satellites", "authors": [ "David Lucchesi", "Massimo Visco", "Roberto Peron", "Jos\u00e9 C. Rodriguez", "Giuseppe Pucacco", "Luciano Anselmo", "Massimo Bassan", "Graham Appleby", "Marco Cinelli", "Alessandro Di Marco", "Marco Lucente", "Carmelo Magnafico", "Carmen Pardini", "Feliciana Sapio" ], "date": "2026-02", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2026-02", "summary": "30-yr LAGEOS / LAGEOS II orbit analysis. Constrains preferred-frame parameter \u03b1\u2081 \u2264 2\u00d710\u207b\u2075, improvement over lunar laser ranging.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:PPN_phenomenological", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "LARES-2 follow-up", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2602.14720", "title": "Bounds on Lorentz invariance violation from muon fluctuations at the Pierre Auger Observatory", "authors": [ "Pierre Auger Collaboration" ], "date": "2026-02", "venue": "arxiv:astro-ph.HE 2026-02", "summary": "Strongest hadronic-sector LIV bounds (composition-independent) from extensive air-shower muon fluctuations at Auger. New observable that does not rely on UHECR mass-composition assumptions.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.95, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Auger Phase II + future UHECR observatories", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified. Strong recent collaboration paper; M4 watch-list anchor.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2503.07867", "title": "The Pierre Auger Observatory and Physics Beyond the Standard Model", "authors": [ "R. Aloisio (for the Pierre Auger Collaboration)" ], "date": "2025-03", "venue": "PoS(UHECR2024)022", "summary": "Review of Auger BSM physics: super-heavy DM photon/neutrino searches + LIV constraints via modified dispersion relations / threshold modifications.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Auger Phase II", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 PoS UHECR2024 review/conference proceedings; G3 escape gate eligible.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2411.04361", "title": "Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays in light of the Lorentz Invariance Violation Effects within the Proton Sector", "authors": [ "Guo-Li Liu", "Xinbo Su", "Fei Wang" ], "date": "2024-11", "venue": "Eur. Phys. J. C (2025)", "summary": "Tiny LIV in proton sector raises photon threshold for photopion production, allows protons to traverse longer distances without GZK cutoff. Phenomenological-LIV interpretation of UHECR data.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Auger / Telescope Array", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 EPJ C 2025.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2410.18544", "title": "Gravitational and electromagnetic Cherenkov radiation constraints in modified dispersion relations", "authors": [ "Mikel Artola", "Jos\u00e9 A. R. Cembranos", "Prado Mart\u00edn-Moruno" ], "date": "2024-10", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 110, 124060 (2024)", "summary": "QG-motivated MDR analysis of vacuum Cherenkov radiation (EM and gravitational channels). UHECR observations constrain proton + graviton LIV without producing detectable Cherenkov-radiation signatures.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance", "graviton_dispersion" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Auger continued + LIGO Cherenkov", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 Phys. Rev. D 2024.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2304.03819", "title": "Aspects of Everpresent \u039b (I): A Fluctuating Cosmological Constant from Spacetime Discreteness", "authors": [ "Santanu Das", "Arad Nasiri", "Yasaman K. Yazdi" ], "date": "2023-04", "venue": "JCAP 10 (2023) 047", "summary": "Reviews and extends causal-set Everpresent \u039b: \u039b fluctuates in sign and magnitude, statistically pinned to inverse-sqrt spacetime volume. Phenomenological model implementation simulations show observed H\u2080 and \u03a9_\u039b are achievable. NOTABLE: this is a causal-set program paper claiming a discreteness observable (cosmological-constant fluctuations).", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.92, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "SN Ia, CMB, BAO", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "fluctuating \u039b ~ 1/sqrt(V_4) is a causal-set-specific prediction not derivable from continuum EFT", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 JCAP 2023. Causal-set Bill 4 trigger; engages cosmological-constant discreteness signature. This is a true Bill 4 (causal-set non-locality / sprinkling) paper, not just M4.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2307.13743", "title": "Aspects of Everpresent \u039b (II): Cosmological Tests of Current Models", "authors": [ "Santanu Das", "Arad Nasiri", "Yasaman K. Yazdi" ], "date": "2023-07", "venue": "arxiv:astro-ph.CO 2023-07", "summary": "Confronts Everpresent \u039b (causal-set discreteness) Models 1, 2, 3 with SN Ia + CMB. Some Model 1 random realizations match SN Ia better than \u039bCDM; Model 1 fails CMB. Hubble-tension implications.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_4", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "cosmological_constant" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "DESI BAO + Euclid + LSST", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Hubble-tension partial resolution from causal-set \u039b fluctuations", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified. Companion to Part I; observational test paper. Monthly watch-list because actively tracked vs DESI / Euclid / LSST.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2407.03395", "title": "Fluctuations and Correlations in Causal Set Theory", "authors": [ "Heidar Moradi", "Yasaman K. Yazdi", "Miguel Zilh\u00e3o" ], "date": "2024-07", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 42, 045017 (2025)", "summary": "Variance and correlation analysis of Benincasa-Dowker causal-set action; investigates connection to Everpresent \u039b fluctuation dynamics. Important formal-structure paper for causal-set program.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M2", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "CausalSet", "discreteness_observable": "non_locality_signature", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": true, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 CQG 2025. Formal structure paper; M2 (formal-only / no observable). Causal-set continuation but no observable claim, so M2 not Bill 4.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2403.19389", "title": "Spin couplings as witnesses of Planck scale phenomenology", "authors": [ "Pasquale Bosso", "Fabrizio Illuminati", "Luciano Petruzziello", "Fabian Wagner" ], "date": "2024-03", "venue": "arxiv:hep-th 2024-03", "summary": "Derives Pauli equation corrections from MDR + \u03ba-Poincar\u00e9 + minimal-length QM. Uses electron g-2 anomalous magnetic moment to constrain k-Poincar\u00e9 scale > 10\u00b9\u2070 GeV in bicrossproduct representation. Connects specific deformed-symmetry program to laboratory observable.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_12", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:k_Poincare_DSR", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "electron g-2 precision measurements", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "Planck-suppressed spin coupling distinct from EFT", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified. Bill_12 candidate: connects specific QG-inspired program (k-Poincar\u00e9 DSR) to laboratory bound. Important borderline case.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2402.09918", "title": "Quantum gravity phenomenology and the blackbody radiation", "authors": [ "R. Turcati", "I. Soares", "S. B. Duarte" ], "date": "2024-02", "venue": "Class. Quantum Grav. 41, 235008 (2024)", "summary": "MDR analysis of blackbody spectrum, generalized Stefan-Boltzmann law, low-T regime. Applications to neutron stars and other compact objects. Phenomenological-MDR / GUP framework.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:GUP_MDR_phenomenological", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "neutron-star spectrum", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 CQG 2024. M3 (phenomenological-fit, not derived from a closed QG program).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2407.18513", "title": "Neutrino Lorentz invariance violation from the CPT-even SME coefficients through a tensor interaction with cosmological scalar fields", "authors": [ "Rub\u00e9n Cordero", "Luis A. Delgadillo", "O. G. Miranda", "C. A. Moura" ], "date": "2024-07", "venue": "Eur. Phys. J. C 85, 6 (2025)", "summary": "CPT-even d=4 SME operators in neutrino sector via tensor interaction with cosmological scalar fields. Sensitivity at DUNE, IceCube-Gen2, GRAND. Pure SME/phenomenological framework.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M3", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:SME_phenomenological", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "DUNE + IceCube-Gen2 + GRAND", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 EPJ C 2025. M3 (phenomenological-fit).", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2501.09370", "title": "Reassessing aspects of the photon's LQG-modified dispersion relations", "authors": [ "P. A. L. Mour\u00e3o", "G. L. L. W. Levy", "J. A. Helay\u00ebl-Neto" ], "date": "2025-01", "venue": "Chinese Physics C (accepted)", "summary": "Post-Maxwellian electromagnetism with LQG corrections. Wave propagation, vacuum optical properties, Compton scattering kinematics with extended dispersion. Connects LQG specifically to photon-sector observables.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_12", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance", "HESS_AGN" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "Compton scattering + AGN spectrum", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "LQG-specific MDR distinguishable in Compton kinematics", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified. True Bill_12 candidate: LQG (specific QG program) \u2192 photon-sector observable. Connects program-derivable prediction to observational bound.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2512.00933", "title": "Geometric Constraints on Quantum Gravity-Inspired Dispersion Relations", "authors": [ "Gines R. Perez Teruel" ], "date": "2025-12", "venue": "arxiv:gr-qc 2025-12", "summary": "Geometric framework translating observational MDR limits into model-independent constraints across LQG, causal-set, \u03ba-Poincar\u00e9 families. Polymeric, holonomy-corrected, semiclassical LQG dispersions all stable.", "candidate_bill": "Bill_12", "candidate_meta_cost": null, "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.85, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "LQG", "discreteness_observable": "matter_coupling_modification", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": "weak", "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": "kinematic_only", "semiclassical_limit_recovered": "only_in_specific_sector", "background_independence_preserved": false, "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "GRB/AGN MDR observations", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": "geometric framework distinguishes LQG/causal-set/k-Poincar\u00e9 classes", "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified. Bill_12 candidate: geometric/structural translation between QG programs and observables. Borderline because still weak distinguishability.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2404.07842", "title": "Approaches to photon absorption in a Lorentz invariance violation scenario", "authors": [ "J. M. Carmona", "J. L. Cort\u00e9s", "F. Rescic", "M. A. Reyes", "T. Terzi\u0107", "F. I. Vrban" ], "date": "2024-04", "venue": "Phys. Rev. D 110, 063035 (2024)", "summary": "Photon subluminal quadratic LIV corrections in universe transparency to gamma rays. New cross-section calculation; refined LIV-scale constraints. Pure phenomenological-LIV framework.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.9, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:phenomenological_LIV", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "HESS_AGN", "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "CTA AGN spectrum", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 Phys. Rev. D 2024.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:2504.10576", "title": "Cosmogenic neutrinos as probes of new physics", "authors": [ "Luighi P. S. Leal", "Daniel Naredo-Tuero", "Renata Zukanovich Funchal" ], "date": "2025-04", "venue": "JHEP 08 (2025) 057", "summary": "GRAND sensitivity to BSM physics via cosmogenic neutrinos: \u03bd self-interactions with light scalars, pseudo-Dirac \u03bd, \u03bd-ULDM scattering. Constrains coupling to \u03bd_\u03c4 in [10\u207b\u00b2, 10\u207b\u00b9] for scalar mass 0.1-1 GeV.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "needs_gate", "confidence": 0.88, "watchlist_tier": "quarterly", "program": "other:phenomenological_BSM", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": "GRAND", "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 JHEP 2025.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] }, { "paper_id": "arxiv:0801.0287", "title": "Data Tables for Lorentz and CPT Violation", "authors": [ "Alan Kostelecky", "Neil Russell" ], "date": "2024-01", "venue": "Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 11 (2011); ongoing arXiv updates v17 (2024-01), v18 (2025-01), v19 (2026-02)", "summary": "Definitive ongoing reference compendium of measured + derived SME Lorentz/CPT violation coefficients across matter, photon, neutrino, gravity sectors. Ongoing maintenance via arXiv updates.", "candidate_bill": null, "candidate_meta_cost": "M4", "verdict": "out_of_scope", "confidence": 0.97, "watchlist_tier": "monthly", "program": "other:SME_phenomenological", "discreteness_observable": "none_specified", "claimed_distinguishability_from_continuum": false, "observational_constraint_addressed": [ "Lorentz_invariance" ], "matter_coupling_demonstrated": false, "semiclassical_limit_recovered": true, "background_independence_preserved": "fixed_background_only", "experiment_or_observation_pathway": null, "claimed_advantage_over_continuum_EFT": null, "rebuttal_papers": [], "notes": "Verified \u2014 RMP 2011 with annual arXiv updates. G3 escape gate (survey/review). MUST be in the watch-list because it tracks all SME bounds in real-time. Updated v19 (Feb 2026) has all current best limits.", "_appeared_in_sweeps": [ "1108_observational_bounds" ] } ]